黄河上游玛曲县气候变化对植被的影响研究

利用1982年至2003年NASAGIMMS逐月归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据集和玛曲县气温、降水资料,对玛曲县近22年来NDVI变化和气候变化特征及其相互关系进行分析,以揭示黄河上游地区植被对全球变暖的区域响应.结果表明：（1）玛曲县植被变化在不同时段表现出较大差异,NDVI年际变化略有增加.（2）夏季是NDVI增长最快的季节,春季NDVI在20世纪90年代后期到本世纪初呈下降趋势,秋、冬季NDVI呈下降趋势.（3）返青期和NDVI值在春季达到同一水平值的时间及夏季达到峰值的时间逐年提前,说明生长季提前是该地区植被对全球变暖的主要响应表现.（4）玛曲县近22年来植被的NDVI变化在中等盖度水平（0.3～0.5）呈增加趋势,高盖度水平（≥0.7）的植被呈下降趋势,而在年代间变化水平上,气温和降水对植被生长都有影响,其中气温要比降水更显著;玛曲县降水和气温在季节尺度上对NDVI的影响不明显,除夏季气温与夏季NDVI关系密切之外,其他季节的关系均不明显.（5）按植被变化特点,将NDVI变化斜率最大值0.005定义为返青期指标,发现该地区牧草返青期的变化主要受温度条件影响,随气候变暖,返青期提前,其变化规律为4～5月份平均气温每10年升高0.6℃,返青期每10年提前3 d.     

CONTAMINATED LEVEL AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF PAES IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER北大核心CSCD

PAEs have been proved to be one of the major organic pollutants. The present study determined the level of PAEs using surface water samples from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that DEHP contributed the most to PAEs pollution, followed by DBP. Risk Quotients of PAEs were used for preliminary screening, and DEHP and BBP were identified as potential risk factors with RQ of 310 and 70.7. The MOS10 of DEHP and BBP were 1.40 and 1.32×105, respectively, indicating that BBP may pose little risk to aquatic organisms. The potential risk of DEHP was further analyzed with joint probabilistic curves. Among different biological groups, fish and zoobenthos were two major groups sensitive to DEHP-induced damage under current concentrations with 99.4% and 98.3% for 5% species of each group. While among the toxicity endpoints, reproduction may be more sensitive than others. The 5% and 10% aquatic species were suffered from reproductive damages by 100% and 97.8%, respectively. Overall, our results indicated that DEHP in the surface water of the upper Yangtze River may pose potential risk to aquatic organisms, especially on their reproduction. Therefore, more concerns should be paid in species protection and environmental management. © 2019, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.     

不同地区麦冬遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术对5个地区6个麦冬居群进行遗传多样性分析。选用10条扩增带型清晰且重复性好的引物进行扩增,共获得115条带,其中89条具有多态性,多态性比例为77.39%。当遗传相似系数(GS)为0.61时,可将6个麦冬居群分为2大类群。居群的GS平均值为0.643,表明供试居群之间存在较近的亲缘关系,且地域越近的其亲缘关系关系越近。研究表明ISSR分子标记技术能够很好地用于不同地域同种物种的亲缘关系分析。     

陇中黄土高原春小麦光谱反射特征

通过田间小区试验,测定了3个春小麦品种(高原602、陇春8139和定西24)在不同生育期和不同种植密度的光谱反射率及对应叶面积指数(LAI)和地上生物量,分析了其光谱反射的一般特征和红边参数特征以及光谱变量与LAI和地上生物量的相关性.结果表明:在整个波段内,春小麦冠层光谱表现为高原602＞陇春8139＞定西24,其叶片光谱表现为定西24＞陇春8139＞高原602;春小麦冠层光谱在可见光波段和中红外波段成熟期明显大于孕穗期,而叶片光谱在近红外波段孕穗期明显大于成熟期;随着种植密度的提高,在近红外波段冠层和叶片的光谱反射率逐渐增加;冠层光谱的红边均具有"双峰"现象,从孕穗期到成熟期,冠层红边位置呈现"蓝移"现象;LAI和地上生物量与冠层光谱变量之间存在较好的相关性.     

中国东北样带的梯度分析及其预测

陆地样带研究已成为国际地圈-生物圈计划(IGBP)全球变化研究的重要手段与热点。中国东北样带(NECT)已被列为IGBP国际全球变化陆地样带之一。该样带在东经112°与130°30＇之间沿北纬43°30＇设置,长约1600km,是一条中纬度温带以降水为驱动因素的梯度,具有由温带针阔叶混交林向温带草原的3个亚地带——草甸草原、典型草原与荒漠草原过渡的空间系列。该样带上有4个生态实验站。在大量的固定样地、实验调查研究资料与数据的基础上给出了样带的初步梯度分析及在全球变化图景下的预测,包括其地理位置、设置意义、地形地貌、气候梯度、土壤类型、植被类型和土地利用格局,一个遥感数据驱动的模型和NPP模型在整个样带上运行过。今后NECT将在生物地球化学循环(水、C、N、P等与痕量气体CO_2、CH_4等)、生态系统结构、功能与动态、生物多样性、土地利用与土地覆盖、动态全球植被模型(DGVM)以及高分辨率遥感数据应用等方面得到加强,将成为我国全球变化与陆地生态系统(GCTE)与其它IGBP核心项目研究的前沿阵地。     

人体肠道细菌寡营养培养组条件的优化研究

【目的】探讨寡营养对人体肠道细菌培养组的条件。【方法】通过稀释富集培养基、固体平板和增菌肉汤培养基成分获得寡营养培养基。对健康人粪便样本分别用原液(0)、5、10、20、30和40倍稀释的富集培养基(添加羊血和瘤胃液的血培养瓶)连续增菌,在不同时间点(第0、3、6、9、15、27、30天)吸取增菌液,用YCFA (yeast casitone fatty acid)固体培养平板分离菌落;用YCFA增菌肉汤增菌后再次挑取单菌落,利用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF)质谱和16S rRNA基因测序鉴定菌株。通过比较上述6种寡营养条件分离肠道菌群的效果,选取富集培养基原液、稀释10倍和30倍这3 种条件下分离效果较好的富集条件,与同样稀释倍数条件的固体平板和增菌肉汤分别组合成9种培养基条件,进一步优化肠道菌群的培养组条件。【结果】在6种寡营养富集培养基中,未稀释(原液)、10 倍和30倍稀释的富集培养基分离细菌的种类比其他...     

Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG sensitizes Bcl-2 inhibitor (-)-gossypol by suppressing ERK-mediated protective autophagy and Mcl-1 accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Natural BH3-memitic (-)-gossypol shows promising antitumor efficacy in several kinds of cancer. However, our previous studies have demonstrated that protective autophagy decreases the drug sensitivities of Bcl-2 inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In the present study, we are the first to report that Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG enhanced (-)-gossypol-induced apoptosis via suppressing (-)-gossypol-triggered protective autophagy and Mcl-1 accumulation. The suppression effect of 17-AAG on autophagy was mediated by inhibiting ERK-mediated Bcl-2 phosphorylation while was not related to Beclin1 or LC3 protein instability. Meanwhile, 17-AAG downregulated (-)-gossypol-triggered Mcl-1 accumulation by suppressing Mcl-1^Thr163 phosphorylation and promoting protein degradation. Collectively, our study indicates that Hsp90 plays an important role in tumor maintenance and inhibition of Hsp90 may become a new strategy for sensitizing Bcl-2-targeted chemotherapies in HCC cells.     

角蛋白HGTP及其对羊毛发育的影响

羊毛的主要成分是角蛋白,其组分高甘氨酸-酪氨酸蛋白(HGTP)家族成员KAP6、KAP7和KAP8基因表达对羊毛细度和弯曲等特性具有重要影响。本文从羊毛的组成、角蛋白的生物学特征以及HGTP基因定位和表达对细度的影响等方面进行了综述,旨在为羊毛发育调控研究提供理论参考。     

Sleeping Beauty-mediated knockdown of sheep myostatin by RNA interference

Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin dysfunction therefore offers a strategy for promoting animal muscle growth in livestock production. Knockdown of myostatin was achieved by combining RNA interference and the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system in sheep cells. Four targeting sites of sheep myostatin were designed and measured for myostatin silencing in sheep fetal fibroblasts by real-time PCR. The sh3 construct induced significant decrease of myostatin gene expression by 90% (P < 0.05). Myostatin silencing induced by SB-mediated sh3 was further tested in stably transfected cells. SB transposition increased the integration frequency of genes into sheep genomes and mediated a more efficient myostatin knockdown than random integration of sh3. We suggest that SB-mediated shRNA provides a novel potential tool for gene knockdown in the donor cells of animal cloning.