植物内生菌定殖检测技术及其应用

自然环境中内生菌定殖于植物体内,对宿主植物产生多种有益效应,但是内生菌定殖情况难以检测,相关研究不够深入系统。目前在该领域使用较为广泛的检测技术包括：荧光标记、抗生素标记、荧光定量PCR和高通量测序等。内生菌通过孔隙伤口和降解细胞壁等方式侵染植物,通过种子垂直传递核心内生菌。对植物内生菌定殖的侵染方式、定殖方法和检测技术进行了归纳和整理,介绍了内生菌多种侵染和迁移途径,总结了目前内生菌定殖在生物防治、促进植物生长和污染修复等方面的功能,综述了多种检测方式在应用中的特点,以期为内生菌定殖植物的相关研究及其应用提供参考依据。     

Community Intelligence in Knowledge Curation: An Application to Managing Scientific Nomenclature

Harnessing community intelligence in knowledge curation bears significant promise in dealing with communication and education in the flood of scientific knowledge. As knowledge is accumulated at ever-faster rates, scientific nomenclature, a particular kind of knowledge, is concurrently generated in all kinds of fields. Since nomenclature is a system of terms used to name things in a particular discipline, accurate translation of scientific nomenclature in different languages is of critical importance, not only for communications and collaborations with English-speaking people, but also for knowledge dissemination among people in the non-English-speaking world, particularly young students and researchers. However, it lacks of accuracy and standardization when translating scientific nomenclature from English to other languages, especially for those languages that do not belong to the same language family as English. To address this issue, here we propose for the first time the application of community intelligence in scientific nomenclature management, namely, harnessing collective intelligence for translation of scientific nomenclature from English to other languages. As community intelligence applied to knowledge curation is primarily aided by wiki and Chinese is the native language for about one-fifth of the world’s population, we put the proposed application into practice, by developing a wiki-based English-to-Chinese Scientific Nomenclature Dictionary (ESND; http://esnd.big.ac.cn). ESND is a wiki-based, publicly editable and open-content platform, exploiting the whole power of the scientific community in collectively and collaboratively managing scientific nomenclature. Based on community curation, ESND is capable of achieving accurate, standard, and comprehensive scientific nomenclature, demonstrating a valuable application of community intelligence in knowledge curation.     

The Entire Mitochondrial Genome of Macrophthalmus abbreviatus Reveals Insights into the Phylogeny and Gene Rearrangements of Brachyura

Brachyuran crabs comprise the most species-rich clades among extant Decapoda and are divided into several major superfamilies. However, the phylogeny of Brachyuran remains controversial, comprehensive analysis of the overall phylogeny is still lacking. Complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) can indicate phylogenetic relationships, as well as useful information for gene rearrangement mechanisms and molecular evolution. In this study, we firstly sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenome of Macrophthalmus abbreviatus (Brachyura; Macrophthalmidae). The mitogenome length of M. abbreviatus is 16,322 bp, containing the entire set of 37 genes and a control region typically observed in Brachyuran mitogenomes. The genome composition of M. abbreviatus was highly A+T biased 76.3% showing positive AT-skew (0.033) and negative GC-skew (??0.351). In M. abbreviatus mitogenome, most tRNA genes were folded into the clover-leaf secondary structure except trnH, trnS1 and trnC, which was similar to the other species in Macrophthalmidae. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all families form a monophyletic, and Varunidae and Macrophthalmidae clustered into a monophyletic clade as sister groups. Comparative analyses of rearrangement among Brachyura revealed that Varunidae (Grapsoidea) and Macrophthalmidae (Ocypodoidea) had the same gene order, which reinforced the result of phylogeny. The combined results of two aspects revealed that the polyphyly of Ocypodoidea and Grapsoidea were well supported. In general, the results obtained in this research will contribute to further studies on molecular based for the classification and gene rearrangements of Macrophthalmidae or even Brachyura.

     

BMP9 induces osteogenesis and adipogenesis in the immortalized human cranial suture progenitors from the patent sutures of craniosynostosis patients

The cranial suture complex is a heterogeneous tissue consisting of osteogenic progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow and suture mesenchyme. The fusion of cranial sutures is a highly coordinated and tightly regulated process during development. Craniosynostosis is a congenital malformation caused by premature fusion of cranial sutures. While the progenitor cells derived from the cranial suture complex should prove valuable for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying suture development and pathogenic premature suture fusion, primary human cranial suture progenitors (SuPs) have limited life span and gradually lose osteoblastic ability over passages. To overcome technical challenges in maintaining sufficient and long‐term culture of SuPs for suture biology studies, we establish and characterize the reversibly immortalized human cranial suture progenitors (iSuPs). Using a reversible immortalization system expressing SV40 T flanked with FRT sites, we demonstrate that primary human suture progenitor cells derived from the patent sutures of craniosynostosis patients can be efficiently immortalized. The iSuPs maintain long‐term proliferative activity, express most of the consensus MSC markers and can differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages upon BMP9 stimulation in vitro and in vivo. The removal of SV40 T antigen by FLP recombinase results in a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in the endogenous osteogenic and adipogenic capability in the iSuPs. Therefore, the iSuPs should be a valuable resource to study suture development, intramembranous ossification and the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis, as well as to explore cranial bone tissue engineering.     

Hypoxic colorectal cancer-secreted exosomes deliver miR-210-3p to normoxic tumor cells to elicit a protumoral effect

Hypoxia, the most common feature in the tumor microenvironment, is closely related to tumor malignant progression and poor patient’s prognosis. Exosomes, initially recognized as cellular “garbage dumpsters”, are now known to be important mediums for mediating cellular communication in tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanisms of hypoxic tumor cell-derived exosomes facilitate colorectal cancer progression still need further exploration. In the present study, we found that exosomes from hypoxic colorectal cancer cells (H-Exos) promoted G1-S cycle transition and proliferation while preventing the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by transmitting miR-210-3p to normoxic tumor cells. Mechanistic investigation indicated that miR-210-3p from H-Exos elicited its protumoral effect via suppressing CELF2 expression. A preclinical study further confirmed that H-Exos could promote tumorigenesis in vivo. Clinically, the expression of miR-210-3p in circulating plasma exosomes was markedly upregulated in colorectal cancer patients, which were closely associated with multiple unfavorable clinicopathological features. Taken together, these results suggest that hypoxia may stimulate colorectal cancer cells to secrete miR-210-3p-enriched exosomes in tumor microenvironment, which elicit protumoral effects by inhibiting CELF2 expression. These findings provide new insights on the mechanism of colorectal cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer.     

桑及菌根桑在库区消落带的生态重建功能及应用潜力

三峡工程在提供丰富水电资源造福人类的同时,也引发了一些生态环境问题,对库区环境、生物、气候以及人们的生活都产生了不同程度的影响。桑树休眠和生长发育节律与库区水体涨落规律的反向偶联,桑的菌根结构在改善根际土质量,促进桑树水分和养分吸收,增强桑树对盐碱、干旱、重金属的耐受性,提高幼苗的存活率,促进桑苗生长,促进植物群落正向演替等生态过程中发挥着重要的作用。分析了三峡库区消落带周期性水淹的生态特征和岸生植物生态恢复障碍,综述了桑及菌根桑在消落带的生态特性和应用潜力,最后提出了菌根桑生物技术的应用所面临的新课题和挑战。     

硒对大球盖菇菌丝生长、子实体农艺性状和营养品质的影响

【背景】大球盖菇是我国新兴的食用菌栽培品种,其栽培技术简单、产量高、效益高,在农业废弃物高效转化和农民增收方面发挥重要作用。【目的】探究硒对大球盖菇菌丝生长、子实体农艺性状和营养品质的影响,为富硒大球盖菇的实践生产提供依据。【方法】通过平板试验,测定添加不同质量浓度的Na₂SeO₃对菌丝生长速度和干重的影响。以木屑、稻壳、玉米芯为主要原料,添加0-10mg/kgNa₂SeO₃,进行大球盖菇生料栽培试验,测定一潮菇农艺性状、营养品质和抗氧化活性。【结果】Na₂SeO₃浓度为0-10mg/L时,对大球盖菇菌丝生长速度与干重无显著影响,分别为3.74-3.76 mm/d和40.67-41.33 mg;当浓度达到15 mg/L及以上时,显著抑制菌丝生长。栽培试验结果表明,添加0-10 mg/kg Na₂SeO₃对一潮菇生物学效率无显著影响,7.5 mg/kg剂量组表现出最佳的菌盖直径、菌柄直径和单菇鲜重。子实体营养分析显...