点状气单胞菌引起虹鳟感染症及其病原学机制的初步研究

对山西省朔县省虹鳟试验场1987年8月在亲鱼中爆发的一次流行病进行了病原菌分离、培养、毒力试验和详细的生理生化测定,确定点状气单胞菌为其病原菌。并对该菌胞外产物的致病性进行了研究,通过测定其溶血活性、酪蛋白酶活性、对鱼致死性以及对其引起的组织病理学变化的观察,初步确定了胞外产物与该菌侵袭力的相关性。     

豫鲁新石器时代人类牙槽疾病的初步观察

对13例新石器时代人类的牙槽疾病进行了分析,发现龋病、牙槽萎缩、磨损为主要疾病。中国口腔矫形史有理由可追溯到商代末期。     

茶条槭愈伤组织的再生体系建立及其没食子酸含量的测定

通过愈伤组织诱导途径, 建立了快速高效的茶条槭再生体系。成熟种子在MS+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA的培养基中萌发, 以茎段作为外植体, 在WPM+0.002-0.01 mg·L-1 TDZ+0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA中培养3周诱导形成愈伤组织, 诱导频率平均为98.0%。愈伤组织转入WPM+0.01 mg·L-1 TDZ+0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA培养基中得到再生芽, 分化频率为42.0%,平均每块愈伤产生再生芽10个左右。转到WPM+0.3 mg·L-1 IBA的培养基上的再生芽均可生根并长成完整植株, 小苗移栽成活率达到89.0%。实验还建立了愈伤组织中没食子酸的提取和HPLC检测方法。对深绿色愈伤组织连续培养2个继代后, 没食子酸含量达到2.8%。     

Generation of virus‐resistant potato plants by RNA genome targeting

CRISPR/Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with molecular immunity against invading phages and foreign plasmids. The class 2 type VI CRISPR/Cas effector Cas13a is an RNA‐targeting CRISPR effector that provides protection against RNA phages. Here we report the repurposing of CRISPR/Cas13a to protect potato plants from a eukaryotic virus, Potato virus Y (PVY). Transgenic potato lines expressing Cas13a/sgRNA (small guide RNA) constructs showed suppressed PVY accumulation and disease symptoms. The levels of viral resistance correlated with the expression levels of the Cas13a/sgRNA construct in the plants. Our data further demonstrate that appropriately designed sgRNAs can specifically interfere with multiple PVY strains, while having no effect on unrelated viruses such as PVA or Potato virus S. Our findings provide a novel and highly efficient strategy for engineering crops with resistances to viral diseases.     

小鼠胚胎干细胞定向分化为神经干细胞过程中microRNA的变化

目的用生物芯片技术分析胚胎干细胞定向分化为神经干细胞过程中microRNA(miRNA)的表达变化,筛选调控的分化的miRNA,研究分化调控机制。方法胚胎干细胞在含LIF培养基中培养3d后,采用经典5步培养方法定向诱导向神经干细胞分化,采用nestin作为神经干细胞标记进行鉴定,送检胚胎干细胞及神经干细胞,提取总RNA以及小分子RNA,经荧光标记后与miRNA基因芯片杂交,获得胚胎干细胞诱导前后miRNA表达谱。结果1)胚胎干细胞在含LIF培养过程中保持未分化状态,Oct-4、碱性磷酸酶表达阳性;2)经典五步法诱导胚胎干细胞定向分化为神经干细胞,nestin阳性细胞为85%;3)通过基因微阵列分析,有90个miRNA的改变显著,其中68个表达上调,22个表达下调。结论miRNA可能对胚胎干细胞定向分化为神经干细胞过程起到关键作用。     

蛇毒类凝血酶calobin在毕赤酵母中的表达

蛇毒类凝血酶是临床上防治血栓栓塞性疾病的有效药物。参照朝鲜蝮蛇(Agkistrodon caliginosus,Korean Viper)类凝血酶calobin基因序列(GenBank AccessionNo.U32937.1),将人工合成的calobin基因克隆到酵母表达载体pPICZαA,于毕赤酵母中表达,得到了分子量约为32kD的重组calobin蛋白,经甲醇诱导培养,表达产物可获得3.5g/L的高表达量。重组蛋白经过阴离子交换柱Q-Sepharose Fast Flow和分子筛Sephacryl-S-100凝胶过滤层析等纯化步骤进行了初步纯化。纯化后的重组calobin可以在纤维蛋白原平板上形成水解圈,经SDS-PAGE实验显示,重组蛋白能水解纤维蛋白原的Aα链,产生一条约40kD左右的降解带。在实验中未能发现重组calobin对纤维蛋白原的凝固作用。     

心肌缺氧对大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙浓度的作用

本实验用ｆｕｒａ－２ 荧光技术研究离体鼠心缺氧期间心肌细胞内游离钙浓度（Ｃａ＾２＋）增加的机制。实验结果为：（１）Ｋｒｅｂｓ－Ｈｅｎｓｅｌｅｉｔ（Ｋ－Ｈ）液缺氧灌流离体鼠心脏引起（Ｃａ＾２＋）先慢后快地增国（２）无钙液氧灌流,仍能引起（Ｃａ蓿玻黾印＃ǎ常┖ǎǎ保薄粒保埃蓿担恚铮欤蹋┑模耍纫喝毖豕嗔鳎ǎ茫幔蓿玻┑谋浠嗨莆薷埔喝毖豕嗔鳎伊秸咭鸬模ǎ茫幔蓿玻┰黾樱飨缘陀?     

测定胸腺肽含量几种定量方法的比较

本文用凯氏定氮法、双缩脲法及福林－酚法测定了胸腺肽含量,并加以比较,说明三种方法对其含量测定没有显著差异．在实践中可以根据不同条件选择适当的方法进行实验．     

Ageing related thyroid deficiency increases brain-targeted transport of liver-derived ApoE4-laden exosomes leading to cognitive impairment

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the prevalent cause of dementia in the ageing world population. Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele is the key genetic risk factor for AD, although the mechanisms linking ApoE4 with neurocognitive impairments and aberrant metabolism remains to be fully characterised. We discovered a significant increase in the ApoE4 content of serum exosomes in old healthy subjects and AD patients carrying ApoE4 allele as compared with healthy adults. Elevated exosomal ApoE4 demonstrated significant inverse correlation with serum level of thyroid hormones and cognitive function. We analysed effects of ApoE4-containing peripheral exosomes on neural cells and neurological outputs in aged or thyroidectomised young mice. Ageing-associated hypothyroidism as well as acute thyroidectomy augmented transport of liver-derived ApoE4 reach exosomes into the brain, where ApoE4 activated nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by increasing cholesterol level in neural cells. This, in turn, affected cognition, locomotion and mood. Our study reveals pathological potential of exosomes-mediated relocation of ApoE4 from the periphery to the brain, this process can represent potential therapeutic target.Subject terms: Cognitive neuroscience, Alzheimer''s disease, Cellular neuroscience