基于InVEST模型的金沙江流域干热河谷区水源涵养功能评估

以金沙江流域干热河谷区1990年、2000年、2010年和2019年4期Landsat遥感影像为基础数据,通过目视解译和最大似然相结合的方法进行土地利用类型分类,定量分析金沙江流域干热河谷区土地利用类型的时间变化与空间转移过程;采用InVEST模型,结合气象、土壤和地形等数据评估了1990-2019年金沙江流域干热河谷区及不同土地利用类型的产水功能和水源涵养功能。结果表明：1）1990-2019年金沙江流域干热河谷区土地利用类型以草地、乔木林地和耕地为主;近30年来,灌木林地、建设用地、交通运输用地和水域的面积不断增加,建设用地面积增幅最大;草地、乔木林地、耕地和裸地面积均减少。2）1990-2019年,建设用地、灌木林地、交通运输用地和水域面积的增加来源于草地、耕地和乔木林地。3）金沙江流域干热河谷区多年平均产水量为26.09×10⁸ m³,水源涵养量为7.26×10⁸ m³,产水量的变化与分布直接影响着区域的水源含养量;平均水源涵养能力68.74 mm,呈现上升-下降-上升的波动变化趋势。4）1990-2019年不同土地利用类型的水源涵养量变化明显,不同地类平均水源涵养量的大小依次为耕地 > 草地 > 建设用地 > 乔木林地 > 交通运输用地 > 灌木林地 > 裸地 > 水域。     

Development and characterization of 14 novel microsatellite markers for an invasive goby (Tridentiger bifasciatus) in water transfer system

Genetic patterns observed among populations by neutral molecular markers is a major method used to reconstruct the invasion history of invasive species. The Shimofuri goby (Tridentiger bifasciatus) has invaded several lakes along the East Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, China (ENST). However, neutral molecular markers for this goby are not currently available. In this study, fourteen novel polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed through next generation sequencing technology. These markers were also tested in an invasive population (Nansi Lake, a storage lake of ENST) consisting of 54 individuals. The average number of alleles per locus was 7.6 and ranged from 4 to 13. The average H_o was 0.587 and ranged from 0.404 to 0.852, and the average H_e was 0.733 and ranged from 0.564 to 0.851. The average PIC per locus was 0.689 and ranged from 0.521 to 0.824. Four markers (TB4, TB65, TB66 and TB26) were found to deviate from HWE after correction following the False Discovery Rate method. Null alleles were found in four loci (TB11, TB65, TB66 and TB26). These highly polymorphic microsatellite markers are useful for further study to reconstruct invasion history of Shimofuri goby.     

Alleviative effects of nitric oxide on Vigna radiata seedlings under acidic rain stress

Molecular Biology Reports - Although nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulatory molecule in plants, its function in plants under conditions of simulated acid rain (SAR) has not been fully established...     

弯曲菌基因组学的研究进展

弯曲菌是世界范围内引起细菌性胃肠炎疾病的重要人兽共患病原菌,对公众健康造成严重威胁,其流行、传播、扩散的复杂性与基因组的高变异有关。全基因组测序(WGS)是一种基于基因水平的快速简便工具,可快速准确地进行物种鉴定、分析不同个体基因组间的差异、预测细菌耐药和毒力基因以及预测种群演化模型等。本文旨在对近年来全基因组测序在弯曲菌基因组学中的应用展开综述,以期为弯曲菌的流行和防控提供依据。     

硒与内生真菌对中华羊茅生长和代谢产物的影响

[目的] 探讨亚硒酸钠和内生真菌对中华羊茅生长和代谢产物的影响。[方法] 采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测中华羊茅两个地理种群带菌（E+）和不带菌（E-）植株地上部分和根系的非靶标代谢产物,利用单因素方差分析（LSD）显著性统计挖掘处理间的差异性代谢产物。[结果] 从地理种群海北（HB）和玉树（YS）植株中分别鉴定出206种和205种化合物,地上部分和根系中代谢产物存在较大的差异性,根据显著性统计检验P<0.001分别从地理种群HB地上部分、HB根系、地理种群YS地上部分、YS根系筛选出差异性代谢物27种、42种、40种、33种,这些差异性代谢物主要是一些含氮化合物、碳水化合物和有机酸。HB地上部分与HB根系共同差异性代谢物9种,YS地上部分与YS根系共同差异性代谢物8种,HB地上部分与YS地上部分共同差异性代谢物5种,HB根系与YS根系共同差异性代谢物14种。地理种群HB内生真菌极显著增加植物地上部分和根系中tyrose含量（P<0.001）,加硒促进E+和E-地上部分和根系α-ketoisocaproic acid含量极显著上升（P<0.001）,加硒和内生真菌极显著积累地上部分和根系aspartic acid含量（P<0.001）。加硒极显著提高地理种群YS E+和E-地上部分和根系α-ketoisocaproic acid和acetol含量（P<0.001）。[结论] 中华羊茅两个地理种群地上部分和根系非极性代谢物存在较大的差异性,亚硒酸钠和/或内生真菌能提高一些代谢产物的含量。     

Comparative Metabolomics Analysis between Red- and White-Flowered Common Buckwheat Cultivars

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), a specialty crop in southwest China, is not only used as a supplement to primary grain crops but also to produce beverages, such as tea and wine. To fully exploit the products made from common buckwheat flower, ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization– tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) was conducted to analyze the metabolites in red- (‘Guihong 2’) and white-flowered (‘Fengtian 1’) buckwheat cultivars. A total of 784 metabolites were identified of which flavonoids were the largest group with 191 components, followed by organic acids and derivatives (126), and amino acids and derivatives (95). Besides, dozens of phenylpropanoids, nucleotides and derivates, lipids, alkaloids as well as several kinds of indole derivatives and sterides were detected. Among these rich varieties of metabolites, 24 metabolites were only detected in the red flower that mainly included 8 anthocyanins and 6 flavones, while 22 metabolites were only detected in the white flower, which mainly contained 5 lipids, 5 flavonoids, and 5 organic acids and derivatives. Our results enrich the metabolites’ information of buckwheat and may be helpful for the exploitation of products from common buckwheat flowers.     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Scutellaria barbata and coating on the cotton fabric for antimicrobial applications and wound healing activity in fibroblast cells (L929)

Scutellaria barbata is a perennial herb which was vastly prescribed in Chinese medicine to treat inflammations, infections and it is also used a detoxifying agent. We synthesized silver nanoparticles with Scutellaria barbata extract and characterized the nanoparticles with UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis, TEM, AFM, FTIR and XRD. The biofilm inhibiting property of synthesized silver nanoparticles were examined with XTT reduction assay and the antimicrobial property was examined with well diffusion method. The silver nanoparticles were also coated with cotton fabrics and their efficacy against antimicrobials was analyzed to prove its application. The cytotoxic property of synthesized silver nanoparticles was examined with L929 fibroblast cells using MTT assay. Finally we analyzed the wound healing property of synthesized silver nanoparticles with wound scratch assay. The result of our UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis confirms Scutellaria barbata aqueous extract reduced silver ions and synthesized silver nanoparticles. The characterization studies TEM, AFM, FTIR and XRD confirms the synthesized silver nanoparticles are in ideal shape and size to be utilized as a drug. The XTT reduction assay proves silver nanoparticles effectively inhibits the biofilm formation in both resistant and sensitive strains. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests confirms synthesized silver nanoparticles and cotton coated synthesized silver nanoparticles both are effective against gram positive, gram negative and fungal species. Further the results of MTT assay confirms the synthesized silver nanoparticles are non toxic and finally the wound healing potency of the nanoparticles was confirmed with wound scratch assay. Over all our results authentically confirms the silver nanoparticles synthesized with Scutellaria barbata aqueous extract is potent wound healing drug.     

A large‐scale genomic association analysis identifies the candidate causal genes conferring stripe rust resistance under multiple field environments

The incorporation of resistance genes into wheat commercial varieties is the ideal strategy to combat stripe or yellow rust (YR). In a search for novel resistance genes, we performed a large‐scale genomic association analysis with high‐density 660K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to determine the genetic components of YR resistance in 411 spring wheat lines. Following quality control, 371 972 SNPs were screened, covering over 50% of the high‐confidence annotated gene space. Nineteen stable genomic regions harbouring 292 significant SNPs were associated with adult‐plant YR resistance across nine environments. Of these, 14 SNPs were localized in the proximity of known loci widely used in breeding. Obvious candidate SNP variants were identified in certain confidence intervals, such as the cloned gene Yr18 and the major locus on chromosome 2BL, despite a large extent of linkage disequilibrium. The number of causal SNP variants was refined using an independent validation panel and consideration of the estimated functional importance of each nucleotide polymorphism. Interestingly, four natural polymorphisms causing amino acid changes in the gene TraesCS2B01G513100 that encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK) were significantly involved in YR responses. Gene expression and mutation analysis confirmed that STPK played an important role in YR resistance. PCR markers were developed to identify the favourable TraesCS2B01G513100 haplotype for marker‐assisted breeding. These results demonstrate that high‐resolution SNP‐based GWAS enables the rapid identification of putative resistance genes and can be used to improve the efficiency of marker‐assisted selection in wheat disease resistance breeding.