太湖梅梁湾水体中悬浮质及光谱的分布特征

在研究太湖梅梁湾水体中的悬浮质及水体中光谱分布时发现:总悬浮质中无机悬浮质含量与总悬浮质之间呈现明显的正比线形关系(R²=0.9724),而有机悬浮质与总悬浮质之间的正比线形关系较弱(R²=0.2921);在20cm处以下,总悬浮质中的藻类含量随着水深度的增加呈现下降的趋势,表面略低;有机悬浮质与叶绿素a的含量之间的线形关系较弱(R²=0.1344);光谱的分布特征是:在水体的表面,绿光最强,蓝光较强,而红光最弱;在150cm以下,红光最强,绿光较强,蓝光最弱。     

研究生病理学实验带教的探索与实践

医学研究生教育的目的是培养高素质创新型医学人才,创新离不开科研,病理学是多学科科研究工作的基础。建立科研平台提高科研能力是研究生教育十分关注的问题。如何培养研究生病理学实验能力,使学到知识技术在今后的科研活动中得以运用,本文就近几年我们在研究生病理学实验带教实践过程中的一些方法作一介绍。     

荧光定量RT-PCR检测血管内皮细胞PAI-1 mRNA方法的建立

为了建立用荧光定量PCR检测人微血管内皮细胞纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1（PAI-1）mRNA表达的方法。提取人微血管内皮细总RNA,经RT-PCR获得靶基因（PAI-1）及管家基因（β-actin）的PCR产物。纯化后,作为标准品梯度稀释,采用SYBR Green I定量PCR检测,建立标准曲线。方法学考核参数为特异性、线性范围、灵敏性和重复性。分析全反式维甲酸对内皮细胞表达PAI-1 mRNA的干预效果。这种定量方法特异性好,检测的灵敏度达10^3拷贝,线性范围为10^4-10^10拷贝,循环阈值与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系（r^2〉0.990）,批内变异≤4.93%,批间变异≤9.12%。全反式维甲酸能上调内皮细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达,且呈剂量依赖性。因此,荧光定量RT-PCR检测血管内皮细胞PAI-1基因表达的方法有助于溶栓药物药理学的研究和新药筛选。     

Preparation of Mesoporous Nano-Hydroxyapatite Using a Surfactant Template Method for Protein Delivery

Mesoporous nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) has gained more and more attention as drug storage and release hosts.The aim of this study is to observe the effect of the ratio of surfactant to the theoretical yield of HA on the mesoporous n-HA,then to reveal the effect of the mesoporous nanostrueture on protein delivery.The mesoporous n-HA was synthesized using the wet precipitation in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at ambient temperature and normal atmospheric pressure.The morphology,size,crystalline phase,chemical composition and textural characteristics of the product were well characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR),Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and N2 adsorption/desorption,respectively.The protein adsorption/release studies were also carried out by using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a model protein.The results reveal that the mesoporous n-HA synthesized with CTAB exhibits high pure phase,low crystallinity and the typical characteristics of the mesostructure.The BSA loading increases with the specific surface area and the pore volume of n-HA,and the release rates of BSA are different due to their different pore sizes and pore structures,n-HA synthesized with 0.5％ CTAB has the highest BSA loading and the slowest release rate because of its highest surface area and smaller pore size.These mesoporous n-HA materials demonstrate a potential application in the field of protein delivery due to their bioaetive,biocompatible and mesoporous properties.     

瘦素诱导体外培养大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞凋亡

为观察瘦素诱导体外培养大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞凋亡的作用, 采用胶原酶消化法分离培养大鼠附睾脂肪垫间充质干细胞, 第3代细胞用于实验。细胞免疫荧光化学方法鉴定CD105、Vimentin表达阳性率约80%以上, 10-6 mol/L的瘦素作用细胞48 h、72 h后激光共聚焦显微镜观察分别可见早期及中晚期特征表现; 0 mol/L、10-8 mol/L、10-7 mol/L、10-6 mol/L瘦素分别作用于细胞48 h后, 应用AnnexinⅤ/PI双染色法流式细胞仪检测早期凋亡率分别为2.50%±0.72%、6.78%±1.99%、11.99%±1.58%、17.93%±4.82% (P<0.05); 随着瘦素浓度的增加和作用时间的延长, Caspase-3的活性逐渐增高, 至48 h时达到高峰。说明瘦素可以直接诱导脂肪间充质干细胞凋亡, 从数量上减少脂肪组织的含量。     

Store-dependent and -independent modes regulating Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel activity of human Orai1 and Orai3

We evaluated currents induced by expression of human homologs of Orai together with STIM1 in human embryonic kidney cells. When co-expressed with STIM1, Orai1 induced a large inwardly rectifying Ca(2+)-selective current with Ca(2+)-induced slow inactivation. A point mutation of Orai1 (E106D) altered the ion selectivity of the induced Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC)-like current while retaining an inwardly rectifying I-V characteristic. Expression of the C-terminal portion of STIM1 with Orai1 was sufficient to generate CRAC current without store depletion. 2-APB activated a large relatively nonselective current in STIM1 and Orai3 co-expressing cells. 2-APB also induced Ca(2+) influx in Orai3-expressing cells without store depletion or co-expression of STIM1. The Orai3 current induced by 2-APB exhibited outward rectification and an inward component representing a mixed calcium and monovalent current. A pore mutant of Orai3 inhibited store-operated Ca(2+) entry and did not carry significant current in response to either store depletion or addition of 2-APB. Analysis of a series of Orai1-3 chimeras revealed the structural determinant responsible for 2-APB-induced current within the sequence from the second to third transmembrane segment of Orai3. The Orai3 current induced by 2-APB may reflect a store-independent mode of CRAC channel activation that opens a relatively nonselective cation pore.     

Removal of selectable marker gene from fibroblast cells in transgenic cloned cattle by transient expression of Cre recombinase and subsequent effects on recloned embryo development

Introduction of selectable marker genes to transgenic animals could create an inconvenience to further research and may exaggerate public concerns regarding biological safety. The objective of the current study was to excise loxP flanked neo^R in transgenic cloned cattle by transient expression of Cre recombinase. Green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) was incorporated to monitor Cre expression; therefore, Cre-expressed cells could be selected indirectly by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The neo^R was removed and Cre expressed transiently in GFP-positive colonies; excision of neo^R was confirmed by single-blastocyst PCR in recloned blastocysts, with neo^R-free fibroblast cells as donors. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in rates of cleavage (76.0% vs. 68.8%) or blastocyst formation (56.6% vs. 52.9%) between recloned embryos with neo^R-free or neo^R-included donors. The differential staining of recloned blastocysts were similar (P >0.05) in terms of total cell number (124 vs. 122) and the ratio of ICM (Inner Cell Mass) to the total cell number (38.1% vs. 38.2%). Furthermore, pregnancy and calving rates were not different (P > 0.05) from those of the control. In conclusion, we successfully excised neo^R from transgenic cloned cattle; the manipulation did not affect the developmental competence of recloned preimplantation embryos. This approach should benefit bioreactor and transgenic research in livestock.     

葛根素对血管性痴呆大鼠海马突触传递长时程增强的影响

目的：探讨葛根素对血管性痴呆大鼠长时程增强（LTP）的影响。方法：采用Morris水迷宫和LTP诱导法检测血管性痴呆模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力和海马突触传递的改变。结果：模型组大鼠不同时间点测得的Morris水迷宫逃逸潜伏期均较假手术组明显延长,海马LTP诱导率明显降低,而药物组大鼠EL均短于模型组,但LTP诱导率明显增强。结论：葛根素可增强血管性痴呆大鼠突触传递功能,改善其长期存在的学习记忆障碍。