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41.
Jing Yun LI Han Ping LI Lin LI Hong LI Zhe WANG Kun YANG Zuo Yi BAO Dao Min ZHUANG Si Yang LIU Yong Jian LIU Hui XING Yi Ming SHAO 《Cell research》2005,(12)
To understand the prevalence and evolution of drug resistant HIV strains in Henan China after the implementation of free antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients. 45 drug naive AIDS patients, 118 AIDS patients who received three months antiretroviral therapy and 124 AIDS patients who received six months antiretroviral treatment were recruited in the southern part of Henan province. Information on general condition, antiretroviral medicines, adherence and clinical syndromes were collected by face to face interview. Meanwhile, 14ml EDTA anticoagulant blood was drawn. CD4/CD8 T cell count, viral load and genotypic drug resistance were tested. The rates of clinical improvement were 55.1% and 50.8% respectively three months and six months after antiretroviral therapy. The mean CD4 cell count after antiretroviral therapy was significantly higher than in drug naive patients. The prevalence rate of drug resistant HIV strains were 13.9%, 45.4% and 62.7% in drug naive patients, three month treatment patients and six month treatment patients, respectively.The number of resistance mutation codons and the frequency of mutations increased significantly with continued antiretroviral therapy. The mutation sites were primarily at the 103, 106 and 215 codons in the three-month treatment group and they increased to 15 codon mutations in the six-month treatment group. From this result, the evolution of drug resistant strains was inferred to begin with the high level NNRTI resistant strain, and then develop low level resistant strains to NRTIs. The HIV strains with high level resistance to NVP and low level resistance to AZT and DDI were highly prevalent because of the AZT DDI NVP combination therapy. These HIV strains were also cross resistant to DLV, EFV, DDC and D4T. Poor adherence to therapy was believed to be the main reason for the emergence and prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains. The prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains was increased with the continuation of antiretroviral therapy in the southern part of Henan province. Measures, that could promote high level adherence,provide new drugs and change ART regimens in failing patients, should be implemented as soon as possible. 相似文献
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Genomewide scan for linkage reveals evidence of several susceptibility loci for alopecia areata 下载免费PDF全文
Martinez-Mir A Zlotogorski A Gordon D Petukhova L Mo J Gilliam TC Londono D Haynes C Ott J Hordinsky M Nanova K Norris D Price V Duvic M Christiano AM 《American journal of human genetics》2007,80(2):316-328
Alopecia areata (AA) is a genetically determined, immune-mediated disorder of the hair follicle that affects 1%-2% of the U.S. population. It is defined by a spectrum of severity that ranges from patchy localized hair loss on the scalp to the complete absence of hair everywhere on the body. In an effort to define the genetic basis of AA, we performed a genomewide search for linkage in 20 families with AA consisting of 102 affected and 118 unaffected individuals from the United States and Israel. Our analysis revealed evidence of at least four susceptibility loci on chromosomes 6, 10, 16 and 18, by use of several different statistical approaches. Fine-mapping analysis with additional families yielded a maximum multipoint LOD score of 3.93 on chromosome 18, a two-point affected sib pair (ASP) LOD score of 3.11 on chromosome 16, several ASP LOD scores >2.00 on chromosome 6q, and a haplotype-based relative risk LOD of 2.00 on chromosome 6p (in the major histocompatibility complex locus). Our findings confirm previous studies of association of the human leukocyte antigen locus with human AA, as well as the C3H-HeJ mouse model for AA. Interestingly, the major loci on chromosomes 16 and 18 coincide with loci for psoriasis reported elsewhere. These results suggest that these regions may harbor gene(s) involved in a number of different skin and hair disorders. 相似文献
45.
柑桔原生质体辐射诱变筛选抗寒再生植株 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用1161C/kg软X射线辐射“Page”桔柚(CitrusreticulataBlanco×C.grandisOsb.cv.Page)胚性愈伤组织分离的原生质体,经-11℃低温选择后,将存活的原生质体培养再生植株。研究表明,“Page”桔柚胚性愈伤组织原生质体在4128C/kg辐射剂量处理后几乎不能恢复分裂;2064C/kg辐射时分裂频率低,即使分裂也难以发育为胚状体;而1161C/kg辐射后,经-11℃低温处理仍有102%~169%的分裂频率,且部分细胞团能发育为胚状体。辐射的原生质体培养成胚状体后,经低温筛选,在改良的生芽培养基和生根培养基中萌发成为植株。再生植株中检测出2株的叶片原生质体的低温半致死温度(LT50)分别比对照低1.96℃和168℃。 相似文献
46.
Wenhua L Haiyan X Zhixiong X Jianhong O Xiangdong C Ping S 《Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods》2004,61(3):265-270
Though people had recognized the pivotal function of CaCl(2) during DNA transformation into Escherichia coli, the mechanism of divalent Ca(2+) cation inducing E. coli competence development is still unknowable. Quantum dots (QDs), as a new fluorescent probe, being applied in biology research, had aroused great interest. We explored the penetrability of E. coli competent cells membrane using QDs and proved directly that competent cells were more permeable than that of noncompetent. The results are significant on understanding the problems of the microbiological genetics. 相似文献
47.
基于功能性状的常绿阔叶植物防火性能评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
植物功能性状不仅便于评价植物的防火性能,也有利于筛选防火植物。本研究以宁波地区的29个常绿木本植物为对象,在测定植物比叶面积、叶干物质含量、叶片含水量、枝条干物质含量和树皮厚度5个功能性状,以及鲜叶的7个防火性能指标的基础上,通过因子分析将防火性能指标划分为抗燃性fa(包含抗火性因子f1和燃烧速度因子f22个公因子)与燃烧性fb 2个防火因子,然后利用Pearson相关和偏相关建立了5个功能性状与各个防火因子的相关性,并对29物种的防火性能进行评价。结果表明:1)比叶面积和树皮厚度与抗火性因子f1,枝条干物质含量、树皮厚度和当年生叶片含水量与燃烧速度因子f2,比叶面积与抗燃性因子fa,叶片干物质含量、比叶面积和当年生叶片含水量与燃烧性因子fb间存在显著的相关关系;2)偏相关简化植物防火性状后,比叶面积和叶干物质含量分别对抗燃性因子fa与燃烧性因子fb的指示性最好;3)分别基于功能性状和燃烧试验的物种抗燃性排序相似度为0.80。本研究证明,基于简易观测的植物功能性状可较好地反映树种的抗火性和燃烧性,可作为植物防火性能有效的评价方法。 相似文献
48.
Moritoshi Iwagami Noppadon Tangpukdee Polrat Wilairatana Srivicha Krudsood Le Duc Dao Shusuke Nakazawa Muth Sinuon Duong Socheat Junko Yasuoka Masamine Jimba Hisami Watanabe Jun Kobayashi Hiromu Toma Viengxay Vanisaveth Bouasy Hongvanthong Paul T. Brey Shigeyuki Kano 《Parasitology international》2018,67(6):816-823
Malaria morbidity and mortality have decreased gradually in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Presently, WHO sets a goal to eliminate malaria by 2030 in the GMS. However, drug-resistant malaria has been reported from several endemic areas. To achieve the goal of elimination, the status of the emergence and spread of drug resistance should be monitored. In this study, the genotype of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine (CQ) resistance transporter gene (pfcrt) and 6 microsatellite DNA loci flanking the gene were examined. P. falciparum isolates (n?=?136) was collected from malaria patients in Thailand (n?=?50, 2002–2005), Vietnam (n?=?39, 2004), Laos (n?=?15, 2007) and Cambodia (n?=?32, 2009). Amino acid sequences at codons 72–76 on the gene were determined. All of the isolates from Thailand were CQ-resistant (CVIET), as were all of the isolates from Cambodia (CVIET, CVIDT). Thirteen of the 15 isolates (87%) from Laos were CQ-resistant (CVIET, CVIDT), whereas the other 2 (13%) were CQ-susceptible (CVMNK). In contrast, 27 of the 39 isolates (69%) from Vietnam were CQ-susceptible (CVMNK), whereas the other 12 (31%) were CQ-resistant (CVIET, CVIDT, CVMDT) or mixed (CVMNK/CVIDT). The mean of expected heterozygosity of the microsatellite loci was 0.444 in the Thai population, 0.482 in the Cambodian population, and 0.734 in the Vietnamese population. Genetic diversity in the Thai population was significantly lower than that in the Vietnamese population. These results suggested that chloroquine selective pressure on P. falciparum populations is heterogeneous in the GMS. Therefore, further examination to understand the mechanisms behind the emergence and spread of drug-resistant malaria are needed. 相似文献
49.
Xiao‐Jing Wang Dao‐Lai Zhang Zhi‐Gang Xu Ming‐Liang Ma Wen‐Bo Wang Lin‐Lin Li Xiao‐Lin Han Yuqing Huo Xiao Yu Jin‐Peng Sun 《Journal of neurochemistry》2014,131(6):699-711
The cadherin epidermal growth factor (EGF) laminin G (LAG) seven‐pass G‐type receptors (CELSRs) are a special subgroup of adhesion G protein‐coupled receptors, which are pivotal regulators of many biologic processes such as neuronal/endocrine cell differentiation, vessel valve formation, and the control of planar cell polarity during embryonic development. All three members of the CELSR family (CELSR1‐3) have large ecto‐domains that form homophilic interactions and encompass more than 2000 amino acids. Mutations in the ecto‐domain or other gene locations of CELSRs are associated with neural tube defects and other diseases in humans. Celsr knockout (KO) animals have many developmental defects. Therefore, specific agonists or antagonists of CELSR members may have therapeutic potential. Although significant progress has been made regarding the functions and biochemical properties of CELSRs, our knowledge of these receptors is still lacking, especially considering that they are broadly distributed but have few characterized functions in a limited number of tissues. The dynamic activation and inactivation of CELSRs and the presence of endogenous ligands beyond homophilic interactions remain elusive, as do the regulatory mechanisms and downstream signaling of these receptors. Given this motivation, future studies with more advanced cell biology or biochemical tools, such as conditional KO mice, may provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying CELSR function, laying the foundation for the design of new CELSR‐targeted therapeutic reagents.
50.
From February to May, 2013, 132 human avian influenza H7N9 cases were identified in China resulting in 37 deaths. We developed a novel, simple and effective compartmental modeling framework for transmissions among (wild and domestic) birds as well as from birds to human, to infer important epidemiological quantifiers, such as basic reproduction number for bird epidemic, bird-to-human infection rate and turning points of the epidemics, for the epidemic via human H7N9 case onset data and to acquire useful information regarding the bird-to-human transmission dynamics. Estimated basic reproduction number for infections among birds is 4.10 and the mean daily number of human infections per infected bird is 3.16*10−5 [3.08*10−5, 3.23*10−5]. The turning point of 2013 H7N9 epidemic is pinpointed at April 16 for bird infections and at April 9 for bird-to-human transmissions. Our result reveals very low level of bird-to-human infections, thus indicating minimal risk of widespread bird-to-human infections of H7N9 virus during the outbreak. Moreover, the turning point of the human epidemic, pinpointed at shortly after the implementation of full-scale control and intervention measures initiated in early April, further highlights the impact of timely actions on ending the outbreak. This is the first study where both the bird and human components of an avian influenza epidemic can be quantified using only the human case data. 相似文献