First Report of Leaf Spot Disease in Angelica dahurica Caused by Phoma bellidis in China

Angelica dahurica is a perennial herb belonging to the Umbelliferae family that has been used as a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. In August 2013, leaf spot disease in A. dahurica was first observed at the Medicinal Herb Garden in Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. Morphological assessment, evaluation of culture characteristics, internal transcribed spacer and beta‐tubulin sequence analysis and pathogenicity identified the causal agent as Phoma bellidis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease in A. dahurica that was caused by P. bellidis.     

Screening for therapeutic targets of tumor angiogenesis signatures in 31 cancer types and potential insights

Tumor vessel normalization can increase pericyte coverage, perfusion efficiency and immune infiltration, while reducing hypoxia, vessel leakage, CTC and metastasis. In this study, we systemically presented the expression pattern of tumor angiogenesis gene signatures in 31 cancer types and its association with immune infiltration and cancer metastasis. Specifically, READ, COAD etc. have relatively similar expression patterns with low GPAGs and high PPAGs. Patients with this expression pattern may benefit from tumor vessel normalization. COAD was selected for further investigation and we found GPAG CXCL12 was downregulated while PPAG EPHB3 was overexpressed in COAD, which were further validated using two independent colon cancer dataset. Further study indicated that CXCL12 expression was positively correlated innate inflammation pathways such as NFκB and negatively correlated with metastasis, while EPHB3 had a reverse result. Moreover, CXCL12 was positively correlated with cancer immune infiltration while EPHB3 was negatively correlated with cancer immune infiltration. Besides, the association between CXCL12/EPHB3 and mutation/CNA landscape were also explored. We also discussed the potential application of gut microbiota in cancer treatment. In summary, blood vessel normalization could promote immune infiltration and repress cancer metastasis while immune cell infiltration can promote blood vessel normalization through a positive feedback loop.     

基于物种运动路径识别的动物通道选址——以武深高速为例

动物通道是缓解高速公路对其周边野生动物生境隔离的有效措施,通道的位置是影响其使用效率的关键因素,然而现有研究对通道的选址却甚少涉及。以武深高速为例,推荐一种基于物种运动路径识别的通道选址方法,选取影响动物生境选择的环境因子构建评价体系,借助GIS手段对公路周边野生动物生境适宜性进行分析,在此基础上借鉴水文分析原理快速准确地刻画出物种在生境中的潜在活动路径,从而确定了5处高速公路上建设动物通道的理想位置。结果表明,该方法能定量地反映出生境的质量格局对于物种运动的影响,准确定位出物种运动受到阻碍的关键区域,在景观层次上,提出的通道位置能有效地缓解栖息地破碎化造成的生态压力;研究不但能弥补目前研究的不足,同时亦为道路网设计、城市生态规划等相关领域研究提供科学参考。     

老年大鼠骨组织中c-fos和BMP表达的变化

目的：研究某些调节因子对骨组织老化过程的影响,方法：应用免疫细胞化学方法,检测大鼠骨组织骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）和细胞转录调节基因蛋白c-fos的表达和相互关系,以及BMP和c-fos蛋白表达的年龄关性变化。结果青年和老年大鼠股骨组织周围骨膜下的成骨细胞以及骨组织中的某些骨细胞BMP和c-fos蛋白呈阳性表达。而老年大鼠骨组织中,BMP和c-fos蛋白的表达明显下降。结论：老年大鼠BMP和c-fos蛋白的增龄性表达变化。可能会影响老年时期大鼠骨组织的形成和改建过程。     

小鼠Toll样受体3基因的克隆及真核表达

采用RT-PCR方法从小鼠巨噬细胞中克隆小鼠Toll样受体3(TLR3)基因,基因测序表明获得了小鼠全长TLR3cDNA,构建了真核表达质粒p3XFLAG-CMV-7.1-TLR3.重组质粒转染293T细胞,Western blotting检测蛋白表达,表达蛋白质的相对分子量与预计相符.采用TLR3的阳性刺激物poly(I∶C)刺激重组质粒转染的293T细胞,双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测发现能激活下游转录因子NF-κB的转录活性,并能诱导TLR3下游细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α的表达.小鼠TLR3基因的克隆和表达,为研究TLR3介导的信号通路及其在抗病毒免疫中的作用打下基础.     

红脉穗螟寄生蜂寄主选择研究

[目的]优化红脉穗螟寄生蜂繁育技术,为该虫的生物防治提供参考。[方法]通过室内饲养研究了红脉穗螟幼虫寄生蜂褐带卷蛾茧蜂和蛹寄生蜂周氏啮小蜂(海南种)对4种昆虫的寄生效果,并对最佳接种比例进行筛选。[结果]褐带卷蛾茧蜂对大蜡螟幼虫寄生效果优于米蛾幼虫,且对黄粉虫和大麦虫幼虫不表现寄生特性,褐带卷蛾茧蜂和大蜡螟幼虫的最佳接种比例为1∶1和2∶1,其中在2∶1接种比例处理中的寄生率和单寄主产蜂量分别为76.67%和34.60头;4种昆虫蛹均可用于繁育周氏啮小蜂,从寄主的繁育成本和寄生效果分析,以黄粉虫蛹效果较最佳,接种蜂虫比以2∶1为宜,此时的单寄主产蜂量为148.60头。[结论]寄主和接种比例不同会影响寄生蜂的寄生效果,本研究中褐带卷蛾茧蜂适宜寄主为大蜡螟,最优蜂虫比为1∶1和2∶1,周氏啮小蜂(海南种)适宜寄主为黄粉虫,最优接种蜂虫比为2∶1。