Application of fuzzy reasoning to control of glucose and ethanol concentrations in baker's yeast culture

Fuzzy reasoning was applied to control both ethanol and glucose concentrations in fed-batch cultures of baker's yeast. This fuzzy controller consisted of three membership functions (concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), ethanol and glucose) and 18 production rules. Fuzzy inference was carried out by IF {A is a and B is b,...#x007D;, THEN {C is c} from the on-line measured concentrations of DO, ethanol and glucose. When medium concentrations of ethanol and glucose in fed-batch culture of baker's yeast were set at 2 g/l and 0.2 g/l, both ethanol and glucose concentrations were controlled at 2.67±0.35 g/l and 0.27±0.25 g/l, respectively, ethanol production was reduced from 26 g/l to 34 g/l, cell yield increased from 0.38 to 0.53 g dry cell/g consumed glucose and ethanol yield decreased from 0.50 to 0.14 g ethanol/g consumed glucose, respectively, as compared with those of the glucose only control at 0.2 g/l.     

花椒属植物生物碱研究进展

花椒属植物全世界约有250种,我国约有39种14变种。近年来研究发现花椒属植物生物碱具有多种药理作用与临床功能,现就近20年来花椒属生物碱和花椒生物碱的提取、分离、测定方法以及其药理作用等研究作一综述。     

The significance of CD14+ monocytes in peripheral blood stem cells for the treatment of rat liver cirrhosis

Background aimsCirculating monocytes have been exploited as an important progenitor cell resource for hepatocytes in vitro and are instrumental in the removal of fibrosis. We investigated the significance of monocytes in peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.MethodsRat CD14⁺ monocytes in PBSC were mobilized with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and harvested by magnetic cell sorting (MACS). Female rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver cirrhosis were injected CM-DiI-labeled monocytes, CD14^? cells (1 × 10⁷ cells/rat) or saline via the portal vein.ResultsRat CD14⁺ and CD11b⁺ monocytes in PBSC were partly positive for CD34, CD45, CD44, Oct3/4 and Sox2, suggesting monocytes with progenitor capacity. Compared with CD14^? cell-infused and saline-injected rats, rats undergoing monocyte transplantation showed a gradually increased serum albumin level and decreased portal vein pressure, resulting in a significantly improved survival rate. Meanwhile, monocyte transplantation apparently attenuated liver fibrosis by analysis for fibronectin, α2-(1)-procollagen, α-smooth muscle aorta (SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Transplanted monocytes mainly clustered in periportal areas of liver, in which 1.8% cells expressed hepatocyte marker albumin and CK18. The expression level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), TGF-α, extracellular matrix (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased, while monocyte transplantation enhanced hepatocyte proliferation. On the other hand, the activities and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) increased while tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 expression significantly reduced in monocyte-transplanted livers. Some transplanted monocytes expressed MMP-9 and -13.ConclusionsThe data suggest that CD14⁺ monocytes in PBSC contribute to hepatocyte regeneration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in rat liver cirrhosis much more than CD14^? cells, and might offer a therapeutic alternative for patients with liver cirrhosis.     

环鸟苷酸对卵巢细胞功能的调控

环鸟苷酸（cGMP）是一种具有广泛生物学活性的环核苷酸。尽管cGMP作为第二信使,在调控卵巢细胞功能中发挥着广泛而重要的作用早有报道,但直至近年,cGMP在生殖活动中的重要作用才受到人们的关注,而成为生殖科学研究领域的热点之一。卵巢是雌性动物的重要器官,而cGMP在卵巢细胞中起着多方面的调节作用。现对卵巢内cGMP的来源,cGMP在卵巢内抑制雌激素（E2）的合成、LH受体表达、卵泡闭锁的作用,以及cGMP的作用机制等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

改性瓜尔胶的研究进展

瓜尔胶是一种天然的半乳甘露聚糖,广泛用于食品、日化、医药等行业.改性瓜尔胶的性能具有较大改善,近年来瓜尔胶的改性研究成为热点.论述了瓜尔胶结构和性质以及改性瓜尔胶的研究进展,为瓜尔胶进一步开发研究提供参考.     

The Composition of Microbiome in Larynx and the Throat Biodiversity between Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients and Control Population

The throat is an ecological assemblage involved human cells and microbiota, and the colonizing bacteria are important factors in balancing this environment. However, this bacterial community profile has thus been poorly investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbial biology of the larynx and to analyze the throat biodiversity in laryngeal carcinoma patients compared to a control population in a case-control study. Barcoded pyrosequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was used. We collected tissue samples from 29 patients with laryngeal carcinoma and 31 control patients with vocal cord polyps. The findings of high-quality sequence datasets revealed 218 genera from 13 phyla in the laryngeal mucosa. The predominant communities of phyla in the larynx were Firmicutes (54%), Fusobacteria (17%), Bacteroidetes (15%), Proteobacteria (11%), and Actinobacteria (3%). The leading genera were Streptococcus (36%), Fusobacterium (15%), Prevotella (12%), Neisseria (6%), and Gemella (4%). The throat bacterial compositions were highly different between laryngeal carcinoma subjects and control population (p = 0.006). The abundance of the 26 genera was significantly different between the laryngeal cancer and control groups by metastats analysis (p<0.05). Fifteen genera may be associated with laryngeal carcinoma by partial least squares discriminant analysis (p<0.001). In summary, this study revealed the microbiota profiles in laryngeal mucosa from tissue specimens. The compositions of bacteria community in throat were different between laryngeal cancer patients and controls, and probably were related with this carcinoma. The disruption of this bio-ecological niche might be a risk factor for laryngeal carcinoma.     

Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding human differentiation antigen 5D4

A 1 846 bp cDNA is isolated from a human tonsil cell λgt 11 cDNA library (ATCC No. 37546) with mAb 5D4 reactive strongly with human B cell line 3D5, but weakly with human B cell line Daudi and human T cell line Jurkat as a probe. RT-PCR also shows a strong reaction in 3D5 cell and a weak reaction in Daudi and Jurkat cell for 5D4 mRNA. There is an open reading frame from 88 to 1 209 bp in 5D4 cDNA encoding a 374 AA protein. Both the Northern blot analysis and the two consecutive stop codens before start coden demonstrate that the cDNA is a full-length cDNA. Secondary structure prediction suggests that there are a region from 295 to 334 AA in the protein with strong hydrophobicity and a transmembrane helix region with high score from 313 to 334 AA with an orientation from the inside to the outside of the cell.     

土壤水分胁迫对夏玉米植株性状整齐度的影响

利用大型防雨设施池栽,严格调控水量,研究夏玉米全程及阶段性土壤水分胁迫对植株性状整齐度的影响。结果表明,夏玉米生育全程水分胁迫,植株性状整齐度全面劣化,产量极低;苗期阶段水分胁迫导致大、小苗,壮、弱苗两极分化明显,株高整齐度显著下降,其负效应持续至生育后期,生育进程推迟,千粒重显著降低,对产量造成一定影响;穗期阶段水分胁迫对穗长、穗料数整齐度影响明显,产量降幅度较大;花粒期阶段水平胁迫对千粒重及穗