陆地棉花药愈伤组织的诱导和继代培养

花药培养是自６０年代以来发展起来的一项生物技术,旨在诱导出单倍体花粉植株,应用于育种实践和基础研究〔１〕。以单倍体植株为基础的单倍体育种被认为在以下几个方面具有优越性：第一,缩短育种年限;第二,排除杂种优势对后代选择的干扰〔２,３〕。此外,花药培养在...     

滇黄芩中的两个酮甙

从龙胆科滇黄芩属植物滇黄芩(Veratrilla baillonii Franch.)中分离得到两个新的(口山)酮甙,分别命名为:滇黄芩甙C(I)和滇黄芩甙D(Ⅱ).经各种光谱解析及化学反应证明,其结构推定为:2,3,4,5-四甲氧(口山)酮-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(6←l)-β-D-吡喃木糖甙(I)和3,4,5-三甲氧基(口山)酮-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(6←1)-β-D-吡喃本糖甙(Ⅱ).     

中国钩端螺旋体rRNA基因多态性分析

以ＤｉｇｄＵＴＰ标记的１６ＳｒＲＮＡ及２３ＳｒＲＮＡ基因为探针,分析了八个血清群５４个血清型６４株国内外致病性钩端螺旋体参考株和２７株野生株染色体经限制性内切酶ＥｃｏＲⅠ消化后的ｒＲＮＡ基因限制性图谱。结果发现,９１株菌中共有５６个核糖核酸型（Ｒｉｂｏｔｙｐｅ,简称ＲＴ）,除部分血清群中少数不同的血清型有相同的ＲＴ型外,大部分血清型都有独特的ＲＴ型,同一血清群往往拥有共同的核心片段;除黄疸出血群的黄疸出血型外,同一血清型的国内和国际参考株的ＲＴ型不相同;大多数野生株的ＲＴ和相应血清型国内参考株相同,差异也只表现为谱形上个别带型的缺少和增加,所研究的波摩那型野生株的ＲＴ型和国际参考株相同而和国内参考株不同     

内蒙古达斡尔族舌运动类型的遗传学研究

调查了内蒙古达斡尔族舌运动类型（卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌）,共480例（男239例,女241例）。研究结果显示：(1) 卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌出现率分别为80.42％、4.58％、31.25％、81.88％、31.46％;(2) 卷舌、三叶舌出现率存在性别间明显差异;(3) 卷舌基因与翻舌、三叶舌基因间存在互作关系,翻舌基因与叠舌、尖舌、三叶舌基因间存在互作关系;(4) 卷舌、叠舌、翻舌、三叶舌的出现率存在民族间或种族间差异。 Abstact:　A sample of 480 cases (239 males, 241 females) of Daur nationality in Inner Mongolia was investigated on 5 tongue moving types including rolling, folding, twisting, pointed and clover-leaf tongues. The results revealed as follows: The freqencies of rolling, folding, twisting, pointed and clover-leaf tongues were 80.42%, 4.58%, 31.25%, 81.88%, and 31.46%, respectively. Significant sexual difference was showed in the frequency of rolling and clover-leaf tongues. Furthermore, some genetic interaction occured between twisting tongue and the other 4 tongue moving types, rolling tongue and clover-leaf tongue, respectively. The 5 tongue moving types but pointed tongue showed national or racial difference.     

Emerging Piezo1 signaling in inflammation and atherosclerosis; a potential therapeutic target

Purpose of Review: Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are the major cause of death worldwide. Mechanical force plays an essential role in cardiovascular health and disease. To bring the awareness of mechanosensitive Piezo1 role in atherosclerosis and its therapeutic potentials we review recent literature to highlight its involvement in various mechanisms of the disease.Recent Findings: Recent studies reported Piezo1 channel as a sensor, and transducer of various mechanical forces into biochemical signals, which affect various cellular activities such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis and vascular remodeling including immune/inflammatory mechanisms fundamental phenomenon in atherogenesis.Summary: Numerous evidences suggest Piezo1 as a player in different mechanisms of cell biology, including immune/inflammatory and other cellular mechanisms correlated with atherosclerosis. This review discusses mechanistic insight about this matter and highlights the drugability and therapeutic potentials consistent with emerging functions Piezo1 in various mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Based on the recent works, we suggest Piezo1 as potential therapeutic target and a valid candidate for future research. Therefore, a deeper exploration of Piezo1 biology and translation towards the clinic will be a novel strategy for treating atherosclerosis and other CVDs.     

Complement factor H deficiency combined with smoking promotes retinal degeneration in a novel mouse model

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. The Y402H polymorphism in complement factor H promotes disease-like pathogenesis, and a Cfh^+/− murine model can replicate this phenotype, but only after two years. We reasoned that by combining CFH deficiency with cigarette smoke exposure, we might be able to accelerate disease progression to facilitate preclinical research in this disease. Wild-type and Cfh^+/− mice were exposed to nose-only cigarette smoke for three months. Retinal tissue morphology and visual function were evaluated by optical coherence tomography, fundus photography and autofluorescence, and electroretinogram. Retinal pigment epithelial cell phenotype and ultrastructure were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. Cfh^+/− smoking mice showed a dome-like protruding lesion at the ellipsoid zone (drusen-like deposition), many retinal hyper-autofluorescence spots, and a marked decrease in A- and B-wave amplitudes. Compared with non-smoking mice, wild-type and Cfh^+/− smoking mice showed sub-retinal pigment epithelium complement protein 3 deposition, activation of microglia, metabolic waste accumulation, and impairment of tight junctions. Microglia cells migrated into the photoreceptor outer segment layer in Cfh^+/− smoking mice showed increased activation. Our results suggest that exposing Cfh^+/− mice to smoking leads to earlier onset of age-related macular degeneration than in other animal models, which may facilitate preclinical research into the pathophysiology and treatment of this disease.     

Mitochondrial replacement in macaque monkey offspring by first polar body transfer

Dear Editor, Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)mutations are maternally inherited to the offspring and mitochondrial replacement therapy(MRT)provides a promising approach...     

对称蛋白质序列与结构关系研究

进化的观点认为,蛋白质结构的对称性是基因复制和融合的结果,但是由于在长期进化过程中的氨基酸突变,绝大多数现有的蛋白质序列都失去了这种直观的重复性特征。该文简要地回顾了国际上发展的寻找蛋白质序列中重复片段的方法,重点介绍了作者自己提出的分析蛋白质序列和结构对称性的方法以及在蛋白质对称结构形成机理方面的初步工作,并系统分析了各类对称折叠子的序列与结构关系,发现它们的序列都具有隐含的与结构相同的对称性,或者说序列的对称性决定结构的对称性。     

鸡neurexophilin 1基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

Neurexophilin 1是母鸡子宫阴道结合部位的差异表达基因。根据鸡nxph1的序列,结合毕赤酵母密码子的偏好性,合成nxph1基因,设计引物以合成基因为模板,扩增其去除信号肽的DNA序列△nxph1,将合成的nxph1基因及去除信号肽的nxph1基因片段△nxph1分别插入pPICZαA真核表达载体,构建重组表达质粒pPICZαA/nxph1和去除信号肽的重组表达质粒pPICZαA/△nxph1,电转入毕赤酵母GS115,阳性菌用终浓度为1%的甲醇诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot检测表达产物,结果表明重组菌成功分泌鸡NXPH1蛋白和去除信号的△NXPH1蛋白,大小约29 kD,为探索NXPH1在母鸡生殖道内的功能奠定基础。     

Immuno-stimulating properties of diosgenyl saponins isolated from Paris polyphylla

The effects of three diosgenyl saponins isolated from Paris polyphylla on the immuno-stimulating activity in relation to phagocytosis, respiratory burst, and nitric oxide production in mouse macrophage cells RAW 264.7 have been investigated. Our results showed that all three diosgenyl saponins significantly enhanced phagocytic activity that increased with the concentration of saponins to reach a maximum, and then tended to decrease with higher concentrations. Saponins with sugar moiety directly induced respiratory burst response in RAW 264.7 cells that increased with the concentrations and reached a maximum, then decreased with higher concentrations after 2-h incubations, however, diosgenin had no PMA-triggered respiratory burst response. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with saponins with sugar moiety for 24-h caused a significant increase in the production of nitric oxide, while diosgenin had no effect at all. Consequently, relationship between molecular structures of three diosgenyl saponins and their immunomodulatory activities was discussed, and a possible mechanism of immuno-stimulating function of diosgenyl saponins was accordingly explored.