高寒草甸生态系统优势鼠种高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)和高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)种群空间格局的研究

本文研究于1983年7—8月,1985年8—10月期间,在中国科学院高寒草甸生态系统定位站进行。应用概率分布的方法研究小哺乳动物的种群空间格局,取得了与实际观察相吻合的结果。这项工作将为定量描述哺乳动物种群数量的空间配置做出尝试。 主要结果为: 1.高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔(以下简称鼢鼠,鼠兔)的空间格局适合负二项分布,截尾负二项分布。 2.鼢鼠在空间的聚集强度高于鼠兔。 3.鼢鼠在高寒草甸和灌丛中的聚块面积分别为0.75公顷和1公顷以上;鼠兔均为0.5公顷。 4.大雪后(低密度鼠兔种群),鼠兔的空间格局呈随机分布,鼢鼠的格局不变,聚集强度均有下降。 5.两种动物空间分布总体上呈正相关,低密度样本与此相同;高密度样本为负相关。     

外源H2O2对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生理指标的影响

以‘郑麦-004’小麦幼苗为供试材料,采用Hoagland营养液培养方法,通过添加H2O2的清除剂过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸(ASA),研究0.05μmol/L外源H2O2处理对150mmol/L NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗生长和抗氧化系统活性的影响,探讨低浓度外源H2O2对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗伤害的防护作用及其生理机制。结果显示:外源H2O2能缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制效应,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧自由基(O2.-)的产生速率,使小麦幼苗的株高、根长和干重均显著增加,并能提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、CAT、抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)等保护酶活性和抗氧化物质谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量;而H2O2清除剂(CAT和AsA)能够逆转外源H2O2对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的促进作用。研究表明,低浓度外源H2O2处理能促进小麦幼苗中的酶类和非酶类抗氧化剂的产生,减少脂质过氧化物的含量,提高小麦幼苗的耐盐性。     

森林脑炎中和抗体蚀斑减少试验方法的建立及疫苗免疫人体后抗体检测

为评价森林脑炎疫苗的免疫效果,采用森林脑炎病毒的BHK细胞适应株,以BHK细胞为培养基质,建立了检测森林脑炎中和抗体的蚀斑减少试验方法,并用蚀斑减少法、小鼠法及ELISA法检测了原制森林脑炎灭活疫苗免疫人体后的中和抗体水平;免疫血清为按疫苗免疫程序免疫健康志愿者采血分离而制备。结果表明蚀斑减少法与小鼠法的特异性相近且敏感性较好、简便快速,缩短检测周期,为疫苗流行病学调查及新型疫苗的研究提供了快速的检测方法;原制灭活疫苗人体二针免疫后,人体血清中和抗体阳转率仅30％左右,急需提高现用原制灭活疫苗的质量。     

科尔沁沙地沙丘迎风坡面干沙层的空间分布

对科尔沁沙地西部地区流动沙丘和固定沙丘的迎风坡表层干沙层厚度进行观测,分析了沙丘坡面干沙层的空间分布特点.结果表明:研究区沙丘迎风坡表层干沙层厚度主要在5 ～15 cm,92.0％的流动沙丘区域和98.6％的固定沙丘区域的干沙层厚度分布在此范围内;固沙植物影响沙丘表层干沙层的厚度变化和空间分布.流动沙丘表层干沙层厚度表现出明显的空间差异性:迎风坡上部西侧区域干沙层厚度较大,下部东侧区域相对较薄,其平均厚度为(9.58±3.95) cm,干沙层厚度在0～ 40 cm范围内变化,变异系数为41％,干沙层空间分布的变异函数表现为球状模型,具有中等的空间相关性;固定沙丘的干沙层厚度表现为明显的均一性,空间差异性不明显,其平均厚度为(10.91±1.70) cm,干沙层厚度变化范围在0～20 cm,变异系数仅16％.     

Increased enantioselectivity in the enzymatic hydrolysis of amino acid esters in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate

The initial rate and enantioselectivity of enzymatic asymmetric hydrolysis of amino acid esters were examined in methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids with anions including tetrafluoroborate, chloride, bromide and bisulfate and in typical organic solvents. Papain displayed much higher enantioselectivity but lower activity in phosphate buffer solution of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate BMIM·BF₄ than in other media tested (i.e. E=100, V ₀=0.21 mM min^-1 in BMIM·BF₄, E=2, V ₀=0.43 mM min^-1 in phosphate buffer, E=14-92, V ₀=0.22-0.25 mM min^-1 in organic solvents for D,L-phenylglycine methyl ester). The influence of BMIM·BF₄ on enzyme activity and enantioselectivity also varied with the substrate and the enzyme used. All of the enzymes assayed showed no activity or low enantioselectivity in the ILs with anions including chloride, bromide and bisulfate.     

The structure of an enzyme-product complex reveals the critical role of a terminal hydroxide nucleophile in the bacterial phosphotriesterase mechanism

A detailed understanding of the catalytic mechanism of enzymes is an important step toward improving their activity for use in biotechnology. In this paper, crystal soaking experiments and X-ray crystallography were used to analyse the mechanism of the Agrobacterium radiobacter phosphotriesterase, OpdA, an enzyme capable of detoxifying a broad range of organophosphate pesticides. The structures of OpdA complexed with ethylene glycol and the product of dimethoate hydrolysis, dimethyl thiophosphate, provide new details of the catalytic mechanism. These structures suggest that the attacking nucleophile is a terminally bound hydroxide, consistent with the catalytic mechanism of other binuclear metallophosphoesterases. In addition, a crystal structure with the potential substrate trimethyl phosphate bound non-productively demonstrates the importance of the active site cavity in orienting the substrate into an approximation of the transition state.     

棉蚜抗氧化乐果品系及敏感品系羧酸酯酶性质的比较

在室内用氧化乐果逐代筛选的棉蚜抗性品系,相对于敏感品系的抗性倍数是17。用α-乙酸萘酯（α-NA）、α-丁酸萘酯（α-NB）、α-磷酸萘酯（α-NP）和β-磷酸萘酯（β-NP）作底物比较研究了氧化乐果抗性和敏感品系棉蚜Aphis gossypii羧酸酯酶的比活力、米氏常数（K_m）和最大反应速度V_max）等有关的动力学常数。以α-NA和α-NB作底物时,抗性品系棉蚜的比活力显著低于敏感品系的;以α-NP和β-NP作底物时,两个品系棉蚜的比活力、K_m和V_max没有明显差异。用α-NA、β-NA作底物染色做酯酶同工酶电泳,抗性品系棉蚜的酯酶同工酶染色比敏感品系棉蚜的浅。     

白喉毒素A片段的表达纯化与单克隆抗体制备

白喉毒素 (Diphtheriatoxin ,DT)A片段 (DTA)是白喉毒素的酶活性区 ,也是DT类免疫毒素的关键结构域。DTA蛋白及其单克隆抗体在免疫毒素的毒性机理、检测与纯化研究等方面具有重要价值。通过在E .coli中表达了DTA ,经Q SepharoseFF和Ni²⁺ Sepharose两步层析纯化 ,得到纯度约为 90 %的融合蛋白。以DTA为抗原免疫BalB c小鼠 ,获得了分泌抗DTA特异单抗的杂交瘤细胞株 3B6和 3B9。单抗为IgG1亚型 ,滴度达 1∶10⁶ 以上 ,与DTA的结合可被抗DT马血清竞争抑制。抗DTA单抗用于免疫印迹试验 ,或制备成免疫亲和柱纯化基于DT的重组免疫毒素 ,均获得较好效果 ,为免疫毒素的研究奠定了良好基础     

Absence epilepsy and sinus dysrhythmia in mice lacking the pacemaker channel HCN2

Hyperpolarization-activated cation (HCN) channels are believed to be involved in the generation of cardiac pacemaker depolarizations as well as in the control of neuronal excitability and plasticity. The contributions of the four individual HCN channel isoforms (HCN1-4) to these diverse functions are not known. Here we show that HCN2-deficient mice exhibit spontaneous absence seizures. The thalamocortical relay neurons of these mice displayed a near complete loss of the HCN current, resulting in a pronounced hyperpolarizing shift of the resting membrane potential, an altered response to depolarizing inputs and an increased susceptibility for oscillations. HCN2-null mice also displayed cardiac sinus dysrhythmia, a reduction of the sinoatrial HCN current and a shift of the maximum diastolic potential to hyperpolarized values. Mice with cardiomyocyte- specific deletion of HCN2 displayed the same dysrhythmia as mice lacking HCN2 globally, indicating that the dysrhythmia is indeed caused by sinoatrial dysfunction. Our results define the physiological role of the HCN2 subunit as a major determinant of membrane resting potential that is required for regular cardiac and neuronal rhythmicity.     

食用昆虫蛋白质的提取研究

本研究以家蝇(Musca domestica vicina Maquart)幼虫为材料,采取单一选择试验和正交区组旋转组合设计相结合的方法,筛选出盐提—酸沉淀法作为提取昆虫蛋白质的一种较理想的方法。据实验,此法的提取效率为65.37±0.17%。在单一条件实验的基础上,对蛆浆盐提蛋白过程中的抽提、沉淀分别作4因素和2因素二次正交旋转组合设计,建立4个数学模型,总回归F值均达极显著水平,同时进行了效应分析,通过计算机仿真,获得了盐提—酸沉淀蛋白高产、高效方案。