k-银环蛇毒素敏感的烟碱受体激活引起的去甲肾上腺素释放参与烟碱诱导的长时程增强样反应

烟碱可以增强学习记忆功能,但其相关机制仍不清楚。海马长时程增强被认为是学习记忆的细胞机制。本研究室以往研究表明,当单脉冲的强度为诱发80％最大群体锋电位时,烟碱（10μmol/L）可以在海马CA1区诱导长时程增强样反应。本文通过细胞外记录离体海马脑片CA1区锥体细胞层群体锋电位,探讨烟碱诱导长时程增强样反应所涉及的烟碱受体亚型与相应的神经递质释放。结果显示,烟碱诱导的长时程增强样反应可以被美加明（mecamylamine,1μmol／L）或K-银环蛇毒素（K．bungarotoxin,0．1μmol／L）阻断,但不被dihydro-β-erythtroidine（DHβE,10μmol／L）阻断。烟碱诱导的长时程增强样反应可以被普萘洛尔（propranolol,10μmol/L）阻断,但不被酚妥拉明（phentolamine,10μmol／L）或阿托品（atropine,10μmol／L）阻断。以上结果提示,K-银环蛇毒素敏感的烟碱受体激活引起的去甲肾上腺素释放参与烟碱诱导的海马CA1区长时程增强样反应。     

微生物酶不对称水解合成S(+)-布洛芬的研究 Ⅰ.高度立体选择性菌株的筛选

从361株细菌和酵母菌中分别筛选到12株可不对称水解布洛芬乙酯生成R(-)-布洛芬的细菌(5株菌对映体过量(ee)可达85%)和15株具有不对称水解布洛芬乙酯活性的酵母菌,其中皮状丝孢酵母T158生成S( )-布洛芬,ee可超过92%.该酵母菌最适碳源为葡萄糖,浓度以1.0—1.5%适宜,蛋白胨浓度低于0.3%或高于0.5%对水解拆分均不利.酵母膏的加入显著提高水解活性,最适浓度0.3%.在培养基中添加表面活性剂吐温80(0.2%)既可提高拆分专一性,又能增强水解能力.     

不同恢复群落中辽东栎种群空间格局分析

通过对茂县大沟流域人工恢复9年、人工恢复16年和自然恢复16年3个不同群落的取样调查,研究了辽东栎种群的空间分布格局及其动态变化。采用扩散系数、T检验、负二项参数、丛生指数和聚块性指数等指标进行拟合。结果表明,辽东栎种群大多呈显著性聚集分布,辽东栎幼苗、幼树和大幼树的聚集强度、格局规模在时间序列上大多呈上升趋势。辽东栎种群的聚集性与其本身具有的萌蘖性有关,聚集分布可以增强辽东栎种群的竞争能力,有利于辽东栎种群的演化和健康发展。辽东栎作为本地区的原生种是极具恢复价值的优势种,有关辽东栎种群在这一地区的生态恢复价值需要进一步的深入研究和充分利用。     

高产人参寡糖素培养细胞变异克隆系的筛选

用２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＭＮＮＧ处理经过滤的人参悬浮培养细胞１小时后,细胞存活率下降显著,细胞克隆植板率只是对照组的１０．１２％。经细胞平板克隆共获得克降系１５１株,其中很多克隆系转移培养中生长缓慢,甚至不生长而死亡,经分析可供测定的克隆系生长的寡糖素含量的差异,对１１株寡糖素含量较高克隆系经连续１０代继代培养观察,选出一株稳定高产人参寡糖素优良克隆系ＰＧＭＢ－３７,其平均生长速率是０．５５８ｇＤＷＬ＾     

原生质体电融合构建酵母多倍体的研究

为考察将STA基因导入酿酒酵母的可能性和研究糖化酵母在不同核倍性下STA基因的表达效应,从酿酒酵母HU-TY-1A及糖化酵母5101-7C、5206-1B、5301-14D出发,通过原生质体电融合技术,构建了11株核倍性分别为2n、4n、5n及8n的酵母多倍体.所用电融合参数为:交变电场强度200v/cm,频率1MHz;电脉冲强度9kv/cm,宽度40μsec,脉冲数2个,间隔10sec,波形为方波.在糖化酵母单一亲株融合组合中,融合株检出采用菌落形态作为初检指标取得一定效果.其它融合组合则采用遗传标记检出更为可靠.所得融合率约为5×10~(-5)—1×10~(-3).所有融合株经15代以上传代培养,遗传稳定.     

ABCA12 maintains the epidermal lipid permeability barrier by facilitating formation of ceramide linoleic esters

Harlequin ichthyosis is a congenital scaling syndrome of the skin in which affected infants have epidermal hyperkeratosis and a defective permeability barrier. Mutations in the gene encoding a member of the ABCA transporter family, ABCA12, have been linked to harlequin ichthyosis, but the molecular function of the protein is unknown. To investigate the activity of ABCA12, we generated Abca12 null mice and analyzed the impact on skin function and lipid content. Abca12-/- mice are born with a thickened epidermis and die shortly after birth, as water rapidly evaporates from their skin. In vivo skin proliferation measurements suggest a lack of desquamation of the skin cells, rather than enhanced proliferation of basal layer keratinocytes, accounts for the 5-fold thickening of the Abca12-/- stratum corneum. Electron microscopy revealed a loss of the lamellar permeability barrier in Abca12-/- skin. This was associated with a profound reduction in skin linoleic esters of long-chain omega-hydroxyceramides and a corresponding increase in their glucosyl ceramide precursors. Because omega-hydroxyceramides are required for the barrier function of the skin, these results establish that ABCA12 activity is required for the generation of long-chain ceramide esters that are essential for the development of normal skin structure and function.     

Atomic force microscopy studies of functional and dysfunctional pulmonary surfactant films, II: albumin-inhibited pulmonary surfactant films and the effect of SP-A

Pulmonary surfactant (PS) dysfunction because of the leakage of serum proteins into the alveolar space could be an operative pathogenesis in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Albumin-inhibited PS is a commonly used in vitro model for studying surfactant abnormality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the mechanism by which PS is inhibited by albumin remains controversial. This study investigated the film organization of albumin-inhibited bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES) with and without surfactant protein A (SP-A), using atomic force microscopy. The BLES and albumin (1:4 w/w) were cospread at an air-water interface from aqueous media. Cospreading minimized the adsorption barrier for phospholipid vesicles imposed by preadsorbed albumin molecules, i.e., inhibition because of competitive adsorption. Atomic force microscopy revealed distinct variations in film organization, persisting up to 40 mN/m, compared with pure BLES monolayers. Fluorescence confocal microscopy confirmed that albumin remained within the liquid-expanded phase of the monolayer at surface pressures higher than the equilibrium surface pressure of albumin. The remaining albumin mixed with the BLES monolayer so as to increase film compressibility. Such an inhibitory effect could not be relieved by repeated compression-expansion cycles or by adding surfactant protein A. These experimental data indicate a new mechanism of surfactant inhibition by serum proteins, complementing the traditional competitive adsorption mechanism.     

外生菌根菌的分子生态学：分子标记基因、遗传个体及生态意义

外生菌根真菌与很多植物形成互利共生关系,在营养物质交换和碳循环等方面起着关键性的作用,是森林生态系统的重要组成部分。近期生物技术的发展使得人们对外生菌根菌的群体遗传学和分子生态学有了更加深入的认识。本文介绍了一些常用的鉴定外生菌根菌的分子标记,并对每种分子标记的特点及其适用范围进行了讨论。文中总结了几种常用的鉴定未知外生菌根菌的方法,指出了一些在研究外生菌根菌过程中需要克服的内在困难,其中之一就是很多外生菌根菌不可以人工培养,所以人们缺少对其地下部分分布规律和动态变化的了解。在寄主专一性、物种多样性和丰富度、遗传个体大小、繁殖方式等方面,近期对外生菌根菌的分子生物学研究已经获得了很多重要的结果。作者讨论了这些研究成果对于今后开展外生菌根菌研究的重要意义以及在森林生态系统保育方面的潜在应用价值。     

温度对双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫寿命及繁殖的影响

双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica（Motschulsky）已成为新疆北疆棉区的一重大新害虫,在室内5个恒温下（19、22、25、28和31℃）研究了温度对双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫寿命及生殖力的影响。结果表明,在19、22、25、28和31℃下雌雄成虫平均寿命分别为64.1、60.8、55.6、42.1和34.7d,雌虫平均寿命明显长于雄虫;温度对雌成虫产卵前期、产卵期及产卵量有影响,在前述19～31℃5个温度下,其平均产卵量分别为29.2、82.1、93.8、73.4和63.1粒/雌。     

植物间挥发物信号的研究进展

植物VOCs信号是植物间进行信息交流的“语言”, 可由多种生物和非生物因素诱导产生。非寄生植物释放的VOCs信号可影响其所在群落中其它植物的种子萌发与幼苗生长; 而寄主植物释放的VOCs信号却是诱导寄生植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的信号物质。VOCs作为植物间的伤害信息可以诱导临近的同种或异种植物做好防御准备, 从而通过主动或间接防御以减少外界的伤害。植物间通过VOCs信号进行信息交流, 从而实现其繁衍与防御。该文通过对VOCs信号的种类、诱导产生因素、传递及作用进行综述, 以期对VOCs信号的研究有所帮助。