耦合生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局构建——以苏南地区为例

生态系统服务供需平衡是保障生态安全的基础,将生态系统服务供需作用流动机制融入生态安全格局构建对保障区域生态安全和提升人类生态福祉具有重要意义。基于景观生态学原理,提出耦合生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局构建逻辑方法,以苏南地区为研究区构建了景观生态安全格局和社会生态安全格局。研究结果表明:(1)耦合生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局应以维系区域生态安全和保障区域人类生态福祉为构建目标。其中,生态安全以生态系统服务与生态风险为核心关注对象,人类生态福祉的实现依赖于人类主动获取与生态系统服务流;(2)苏南地区生态系统服务供需间存在错配格局,在此基础上分别识别生态源地与需求源地4247.46km²、1882.16km²,生态廊道与供需廊道1614.02km、1915.82km,生态夹点29处、生态障碍点23处、生态供需节点20处;(3)形成"三区四带两组团"的社会-景观生态安全格局优化布局方案,并在此基础上提出针对性保护修复策略,推动经济-生态空间协同发展。研究可为丰富区域生态安全格局构建理论和方法、推动国土空间优化与管控提供参考借鉴。     

长汀侵蚀退化区砍伐迹地马尾松种群动态

砍伐是人类对植物种群最常见的干扰形式之一,种群结构及其动态在砍伐后会经历快速变化和调整时期。以长汀侵蚀退化地为研究区,基于砍伐迹地上马尾松种群4年生活史调查,利用积分投影模型(IPM,Integral Projection Model)结合传统种群统计分析方法,揭示砍伐迹地上马尾松种群增长率变化过程及个体生命率对种群的影响。结果表明:砍伐迹地上马尾松种群处于衰退状态(λ1),且衰退程度不断加深。4年内幼苗数量大幅度减少,幼年树和成树数量增加。死亡在生活史各个阶段均有出现,幼苗是死亡的主要来源;植株生长量随着个体的增大和时间的增加而增加,生长增量由大到小依次为:成年树,幼年树和幼苗;植株繁殖概率逐年提升,但新生幼苗数量逐年下降。弹性分析显示,个体尤其是幼苗的存活对种群至关重要,小径级植株的正生长有利于种群恢复,大径级植株的正生长不利于种群发展,而负增长和繁殖贡献均十分有限。     

A comprehensive study of optimal conditions for naked plasmid DNA transfer into skeletal muscle by electroporation

Efficient gene transfer is a key factor in gene therapy. Reducing the damage caused by gene transfer to muscle by electroporation is very important for its clinical application. Extensive investigation of optimal conditions for gene transfer by electroporation is required. The parameters used for electroporation, including plasmid concentration; injection volume; the plasmid dose of the injection; the concentration of saline media; the size of plasmid DNA; the age of the mice; the lag time between plasmid injection and electroporation; and the effect of repeated gene transfer by electroporation, were systematically investigated in the present study. The efficiencies of gene transfer by electroporation in normal and rodent models of diabetes were also evaluated. We found that electroporation used for non-viral gene transfer could be repeated in the same place in the muscle, but the expression efficiency was closely related to the muscle damage. Increasing pulse times could enhance the efficiency of gene transfer with a lower strength of electric field. It was better to use a higher plasmid concentration than to use a larger dose of plasmid and repeated injection to achieve a high level of transgene expression. Optimal conditions varied in different animal models, being milder for diabetic mice than for normal mice, and it was also shown that the conditions that worked well on these small rodents were not necessarily suitable for larger animals. Our results provide a comprehensive view of the factors that affect the efficiency of gene transfer into skeletal muscle by electroporation.     

Comparative pharmacology and cloning of two novel arachnid sodium channels: Exploring the adaptive insensitivity of scorpion to its toxins

Scorpion toxins have been found lacking effect on Na(+) current of its own sodium channel, whereas the molecular mechanism remains mystery. In this study, the binding affinity of pharmacologically distinct scorpion toxins was found much weaker to scorpion (Buthus martensii) nerve synaptosomes than to spider (Ornithoctonus huwena) ones. The sodium channel cDNA from these two species were further cloned. The deduced proteins contain 1871 and 1987 amino acids respectively. Several key amino acid substitutions, i.e., A1610V, I1611L and S1617K, are found in IVS3-S4 constituting receptor site-3, and for receptor site-4, two residues (Leu-Pro) are inserted near IIS4 of scorpion sodium channel.     

14-3-3ζ Protein Regulates Anterograde Transport of the Human κ-Opioid Receptor (hKOPR)

By proteomic analysis, we found that 14-3-3ζ was one of the proteins co-immunoprecipitated with human κ-opioid receptor (hKOPR) from extracts of solubilized Neuro2A cells stably expressing FLAG-hKOPR (N2A-FLAG-hKOPR cells). 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules in eukaryotic cells, where they participate in signal transduction, metabolism, and membrane protein transport. 14-3-3ζ co-localized with the hKOPR in N2A cells. The hKOPR C-tail interacted with 14-3-3ζ in rat brain extracts and bound directly to purified 14-3-3ζ as demonstrated by pulldown techniques. 14-3-3ζ siRNA decreased expression of the hKOPR in N2A-FLAG-hKOPR cells and cultured primary cortical neurons of E19 rats by ∼25% as determined by immunoblotting, ligand binding, and flow cytometry. The effect of 14-3-3ζ siRNA was reversed by overexpression of 14-3-3ζ. Expression of the 14-3-3 scavenger protein pGpLI-R18 also decreased hKOPR expression. 14-3-3ζ siRNA did not change expressions of the hDOPR and rMOPR in N2A cells. Pulse-chase study showed that 14-3-3ζ siRNA decreased the amount of mature hKOPR but did not change the rate of maturation or stability of hKOPR protein. Mutations of R354A/S358A in the putative 14-3-3 interaction motif ³⁵⁴RQSTS³⁵⁸ in the hKOPR C-tail reduced interaction of the hKOPR with 14-3-3ζ and abolished the effect of 14-3-3ζ knockdown on hKOPR expression. Mutation of the endoplasmic reticulum retention motif ³⁵⁹RVR adjacent to the 14-3-3 interaction motif in the hKOPR C-tail decreased interaction of coatomer protein I (COPI) with the hKOPR and abolished 14-3-3ζ-mediated regulation of hKOPR expression. 14-3-3ζ knockdown increased association of COPI with the hKOPR. These results suggest that 14-3-3ζ promotes expression of the hKOPR by inhibiting COPI and RVR motif-mediated endoplasmic reticulum localization machinery.     

单侧眼球摘除术后患者生活经历的质性研究

目的:了解和描述单侧眼球摘除病人术后康复期间的真实生存状况和情感体验。为眼球摘除术后病人的康复治疗护理提供依据。方法:采用质性研究的现象学研究方法,对8例单侧眼球摘除术患者进行深入访谈,收集资料,Colaizzi法分析资料,提炼主题。结果:单侧眼球摘除术后患者康复过程中的真实生活经历和体验为:①消极悲观的情绪②生命价值的体验③应对行为消极④医疗负担过重⑤家庭社会角色的改变⑥需求康复信息。结论:护理人员和家庭成员应深入了解眼球缺失对患者心理、生存状态的影响,完善自身护理质量,对患者及家属进行健康教育指导,使患者在院内和院外都保持最佳的恢复状态。至少在出院后一年持续为患者康复提供针对性心理干预,康复信息等,提高生存质量,促进患者回归社会。