放线菌结瘤植物根与根瘤中有机氮化物的组分及其上运形式

杨梅、沙棘和赤杨三种放线菌结瘤植物根瘤、根部有机氮化物的组分中,都含有占总有机氮化物50％以上的尿囊酸,说明在它们的根瘤中合成了大量的酰脲;同时,三种植物结瘤植株的茎木质部提取物中也含有大量的尿囊酸,表明根瘤将其合成的酰脲向植物地上部位运送。三种植物的根瘤还将其合成的特定的氨基酸及酰胺向地上部位转运,其中杨梅根瘤将固定的氮素以Asn和Gln的形式输出,而根部则以Arg的形式向上转运;沙棘根瘤以Ash,Gln及Ser,赤杨根瘤以Cit的形式合成并转运固定的氮素;后两种植物的无根瘤植株,以NH_4~+为氮源时,在转运的氨基酸组分中Arg的比例明显提高。     

编码叶绿体QB蛋白的psbA基因在E.coli中的转录表达研究(英文)

叶绿体中的psbA是一个编码QB蛋白的光调节基因。我们用带有豌豆psbA基因和lacZ基因融合体的质粒,研究了无光诱导下在E.coli中的表达。结果表明:含有psbA及其上游166碱基的DNA片段能在黑暗中表达。同时还表明,在植物中,psbA基因启动子是潜在的有较高活性的启动子,在黑暗中不能表达可能是由于受到特定的调节机制制约。叶绿体的psbA基因与E.coli的基因上游“pribnow”盒与“-35”盒有较高的同源性。这为叶绿体与光合原核生物有共同的起源提供了证据。     

寄主植物对瓜蚜酯酶活性及其耐药性的影响

寄主植物对瓜蚜无翅胎生雌蚜体重、体色、体内酯酶活性均有明显影响。取食笋瓜、南瓜、瓠子、黄瓜和冬瓜的瓜蚜,体重依次增加,体色渐深,而体内羧酸酯酶活性依次渐低。取食不同奇主植物的瓜蚜对杀虫剂的耐药性与其体内酯酶活性呈正相关。瓜蚜体内羧酸酯酶活性（X）与乐果对瓜蚜的LC50（Y）附会Y=8．3827X－67．8530（r=0．952）,与功夫菊酯对瓜蚜的LC50（Y）附合Y=1．040X－28．89（r=0．985）的线性关系。     

水稻幼芽细胞生物膜上的赤霉素结合蛋白的结合特性

在水稻 (Oryza sativa)幼芽中存在膜结合的赤霉素结合蛋白 ,其与 GA3 结合的平衡解离常数(Kd)为 6.5× 1 0 -8mol/ L,总浓度为 0 .3 pmol· mg-1 蛋白质。结合蛋白与 GA3 结合活力在 0℃时比 2 5℃时高 1 4 0 %。它与 GA3 结合的最适 p H为 5。 GA3 与此结合蛋白的结合量随反应时间延长而增加 ,1 h达最大值 ,以后又逐渐下降。 IAA、ABA可与 GA3 竞争赤霉素结合蛋白。     

Two new loci for hybrid sterility in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Female gamete abortion in Indica-Japonica crosses of rice was earlier identified to be due to an allelic interaction at the S-5 locus on chromosome 6. Recently, in other crosses of rice, similar allelic interactions were found at loci designated as S-7 and S-8, located on chromosomes 7 and 6 respectively. All of them are independent of each other. At the S-5 locus, Indica and Japonica rice have S-5 ⁱ and S-5 ^j alleles respectively and Javanicas, such as Ketan Nangka, have a neutral allele S-5 ⁿ .The S-5 ⁱ /S-5 ^j genotype is semi-sterile due to partial abortion of female gametes carrying S-5 ^j , but both the S-5 ⁿ /S-5 ⁱ and S-5 ⁿ /S-5 ^j genotypes are fertile. The S-5 ⁿ allele is thus a wide-compatibility gene (WCG), and parents homozygous for this allele are called wide-compatible varieties (WCV). Such parents when crossed with Indica or Japonica varieties do not show F₁ hybrid sterility. Wide-compatible parents have been used to overcome sterility barriers in crosses between Indica and Japonica rice. However, a Javanica variety, Ketan Nangka (WCV), showed typical hybrid sterility when crossed to the Indian varieties N22 and Jaya. Further, Dular, another WCV from India, showed typical hybrid sterility when crossed to an IRRI line, IR2061-628-1-6-4-3(IR2061-628). By genetic analyses using isozyme markers, a new locus causing hybrid sterility in crosses between Ketan Nangka and the Indicas was located near isozyme loci Est-1 and Mal-1 on chromosome 4, and was designated as S-9. Another new locus for hybrid sterility in the crosses between Dular and the IR2061-628 was identified and was found linked to four isozyme loci, Sdh-1, Pox-2, Acp-1 and Acp-2, on chromosome 12. It was designated as S-15. On the basis of allelic interactions causing female-gamete abortion, two alleles were found at S-9, S-9 ^kn in Ketan Nangka and S-9 ⁱ in N22 and Jaya. In the heterozygote, S-9 ^kn /S-9 ⁱ , which was semisterile, female gametes carrying S-9 ^kn were aborted. The hybrid of Dular and IR2061-628, with a genetic constitution of S-15 ^Du /S-15 ⁱ , was semi-sterile and the female gametes carrying S-15 ^Du were aborted. A Japonica tester variety, Akihikari, and an Indica variety, IR36, were found to have neutral alleles, S-9 nand S-15 n, at these loci, in addition to S-7 nand at S-7. The accumulation of three neutral alleles into a breeding line should help solve the hybrid sterility problem in wide crosses of rice.     

生物复苏——大绝灭后生物演化历史的第一幕

生命史是一部生物界短期,快速剧变与长期,慢速稳定相互交替的历史。大绝灭（即集群绝灭）事件反映了全球环境的大突变,点断了地质历史中的生命记录及其发展历程,预示着生物界的演化出现了最有意义的飞跃,近年来尝试研究大绝灭后全球生物界的残存－复苏及其基本型式,并探索复苏的控制因素,标志着地质科学中一个重心的转移（即从大绝灭转向其后的生物残存与复苏的研究）。生物复苏揭示了大绝灭后生物演化历史的第一幕,其研究的     

广西、贵州的Zelia及其地层分布

标本采自广西宜山、天等和贵州独山、紫云等地的早二叠世地层中。Ｚｅｌｌｉａ富集于层面,大多和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ,Ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ,Ｒｏｂｕｓｔｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ共生,在确定石炭二叠系界线时具有一定的地层意义。现对Ｚｅｌｉａ的属征加以阐述、讨论和归并,并对其地理地层分布作一简介     

丝孢酵母高甲硫氨酸突变株的选育及营养调控

以丝孢酵母(Trichosporon Behr)ST851为原始菌株,经紫外线诱变,在含乙硫氨酸的双层平板上筛选到多株抗乙硫氨酸突变株。其中ST851-10株抗乙硫氨酸浓度达到350μg/ml,其菌体蛋白质含量由40.5％提高到44.3％,菌体甲硫氨酸含量由20.45mg/g-DCW增加到29.32mg/g-DCW。在以苹果渣为碳源、尿素为氮源、硫酸镁作硫源的最适培养条件下,固态发酵24h后,蛋白质和甲硫氨酸含量较原始菌株分别提高了15.8％和44.9％。培养基中C/N值低有利于甲硫氨酸的合成,C/N值高则适合于菌体生长。在苹果渣固态发酵过程中,适当补加氮源既有利于菌体生长和甲硫氨酸的合成,又可起到调节培养基pH值的作用。     

太湖16000年来沉积环境的演变

通过对太湖钻孔岩芯岩性,结构,构造的剖析及粒度,磁化率的测试,发现冰后期东太湖形成于跑今６５００年前,在距今６５００－５８００年,为一水深约２－３ｍ的,经常受到流水作用影响的浅水湖泊,距今约５８００－５７００年,东太湖曾一度干枯或接近于干枯,距今５７００年以来湖泊变浅,平均水深只有１ｍ左右,由于湖泊变浅,湖底经常遭受波浪的扰动,形成波状层理或透镜状层理。西太湖局部洼地集水成湖的时间比东太湖早,并且     

猪精子凝集素的纯化,性质及其作用

用胎球蛋白－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析从精子和精浆中分离纯化了猪精子凝集素（简称ＢＳＬ）。ＢＳＬ的血凝活性只被若干糖蛋白和聚糖所抑制。ＢＳＬ的分子量为５６ｋｄ,由分子量分别为１３．６ｋｄ（β）和１６．０ｋｄ（α）的两个不同的亚基以α１β３所组成。ＢＳＬ为糖蛋白,含中性糖３．２％,不含唾液酸。用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定猪精子中ＢＳＬ的含量及分布,表明７０％嵌入在精子膜中,２５％结合在精子表面,