玉米与番茄间作对土壤镉吸收的影响

为探究间作对作物吸收重金属镉(Cadmium,Cd)的影响,以Cd相对高积累番茄(中蔬4号)和相对低积累玉米(金珠蜜甜玉米)为试验材料,在Cd 3.70 mg/kg的污染水平下以单作、限制性间作、间作3种种植方式进行了盆栽试验,研究间作后作物各部位Cd积累差异及其形成原因。结果表明,番茄和玉米间作和限制性间作所产番茄根、茎、叶中Cd含量均有所提高(叶中Cd含量从13.52mg/kg分别升高至24.94mg/kg和27.30mg/kg);与未种植作物的对照组相比,非单作条件下番茄根围土壤的pH有所下降,酸性磷酸酶活性上升,而脲酶活性下降,且间作组变化幅度较大;间作还能改变作物根围微生物种群结构,提高对重金属吸收有促进作用的微生物种群的丰度,最终实现Cd高积累番茄对Cd的吸收能力提高。研究结果可为利用间作模式修复土壤重金属污染和保障食品安全提供参考。     

The Resistance Analysis of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Female Reproductive Tract Specimens

The aim of this study was to analyze the drug resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) in female reproductive track from 2007 to 2011 in Hangzhou. Antibiotics sensitivity test in Mycoplasma, which was isolated in clinics from 2007 to 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. The detection of Mycoplasma during 2007–2011 was 20,146 (54.37 %), of which the single infection rate of Uu was 42.08 %, of Mh 1.26 %, and of Uu+Mh was 11.02 %. The drug resistance rate of Uu was increased significantly in ofloxacin in 2007 (41.80 %), 2008 (45.94 %), 2009 (46.07 %), 2010 (50.36 %), and 2011 (53.22 %) (P < 0.05). The resistance rate to ciprofloxacin was significantly increased in 2007 (67.15 %), 2008 (67.44 %), 2009 (73.00 %), 2010 (75.28 %), and 2011 (75.28 %) (P < 0.05). Exceptionally, the resistance rates of the other antibiotics were low. The drug resistance rate of Uu was significantly increased with quinolones at increasing tendency. It is necessary to monitor the local drug resistance rate of Uu regularly to provide reasonable guidelines in clinics.     

白木香SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立

本实验对白木香SRAP-PCR反应体系的影响因素(模板DNA,Taq 酶,Mg2+,dNTP,引物)在4个水平上进行优化试验,筛选出各反应因素的最佳水平,建立白木香SRAP-PCR反应的最佳体系(20 μL):模板DNA 50 ng、引物0.30 μmol/L、Mg2+ 1.5 mmol/L、dNTP 0.4 mmol/L和Taq DNA聚合酶1.0 U.适用于白木香的SRAP-PCR反应体系迄今未见报道,这一优化系统的建立为今后利用SRAP标记技术对白木香进行基础研究提供了一个标准化的程序.     

Macrophage‐derived exosomal miR‐4532 promotes endothelial cells injury by targeting SP1 and NF‐κB P65 signalling activation

Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological process involving macrophages, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells that can lead to ischemic heart disease; however, the mechanisms underlying cell‐to‐cell communication in atherosclerosis are poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the role of exosomal miRNAs in crosstalk between macrophages and endothelial cells and explored the rarely studied molecular mechanisms involved. Our in vitro result showed that macrophage‐derived exosomal miR‐4532 significantly disrupted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) function by targeting SP1 and downstream NF‐κB P65 activation. In turn, increased endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in HUVECs increased attraction of macrophages, exacerbating foam cell formation and transfer of exosomal miR‐4532 to HUVECs. MiR‐4532 overexpression significantly promoted endothelial injury and pretreatment with an inhibitor of miR‐4532 or GW4869 (exosome inhibitor) could reverse this injury. In conclusion, our data reveal that exosomes have a critical role in crosstalk between HUVECs and macrophages. Further, exosomal miR‐4532 transferred from macrophages to HUVECs and targeting specificity protein 1 (SP1) may be a novel therapeutic target in patients with atherosclerosis.     

Restoration of miR-1228* Expression Suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer

Dysregulated miRNAs play critical roles during carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In the present study, the function of miR-1228* in regulating cancer progression was investigated in gastric cancer. Decreased expression of miR-1228* was observed in human gastric cancer tissues comparing to normal tissues. Subsequently, the role of miR-1228* was evaluated in vivo using the tumor xenograft model. In this model, miR-1228* overexpression suppressed xenograft tumor formation. Furthermore, we demonstrated miR-1228* negatively regulated NF-κB activity in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells and found that CK2A2 was a target of miR-1228*. Upregulation of miR-1228* decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers and increased the epithelial marker E-cadherin, suggesting its potential role in suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence that miR-1228* plays an important role in regulating gastric cancer growth and suggest that selective restoration of miR-1228* might be beneficial for gastric cancer therapy.     

白刺花根瘤菌与非根瘤菌在不同培养条件下互作模式的转变

[目的]除根瘤菌外,豆科植物根瘤中还存在着大量的非根瘤菌,它们存在的意义及其潜在的生态学功能还不清楚,尤其是它们与根瘤菌间的互作机制更需揭示。[方法]以从陕北旱区野生白刺花根瘤中分离得到的根瘤菌和非根瘤菌为研究对象,采用共培养、二分隔平板实验和单独培养的方法,于正常培养条件下从白刺花根瘤中筛选出有互作效应的菌株,测定其对pH和NaCl的耐受性以及对各种氮源的利用情况,并通过根瘤菌的菌落直径、生长曲线和多糖产量来表征其互作效应,进一步探明互作菌株在盐碱和营养胁迫条件下互作效应转变的机制。[结果]在盐碱胁迫下,非根瘤菌Pseudomonas oryzihabitans BT-147和Priestia aryabhattai BT-59对Rhizobium azibense BT-170互作效果由正常培养条件下的抑制转变为促生,与对照组相比试验组R. azibense BT-170菌落直径分别增加了0.803 mm和1.034 mm。Bacillus siamensis BT-9-1在正常培养条件下抑制Mesorhizobium metallidurans YC-39的生长,而在盐碱胁迫下表现为促生作用,与对照组相比试验组M. metallidurans YC-39菌落直径增加了1.019 mm,多糖产量由1.088 µg/mL增加到2.555 µg/mL。在以谷氨酸作为唯一氮源时,Pseudomonas oryzihabitans BT-147和Priestia aryabhattai BT-59对R. azibense BT-170的互作效果转变为促生作用,R. azibense BT-170试验组与对照组菌落直径差分别达到1.348 mm和2.196 mm,其多糖产量从对照组的0.559 µg/mL分别增加到0.821 µg/mL和3.341 µg/mL。[结论]在盐碱和氮源的胁迫下,非根瘤菌Pseudomonas oryzihabitans BT-147和Priestia aryabhattai BT-59对R. azibense BT-170互作效果由正常培养条件下的抑制转变为促生,并显著提高了R. azibense BT-170多糖的产量(P<0.05),不同培养条件下根瘤菌与非根瘤菌互作模式的转变,提高了根瘤菌的抗逆性,扩大了根瘤菌可利用氮源的范围,揭示了非根瘤菌在根瘤微生态中所发挥的作用,并从体外简化了根瘤微生态中复杂的相互作用。     

Application of a high-density oligonucleotide microarray approach to study bacterial population dynamics during uranium reduction and reoxidation

Reduction of soluble uranium U(VI) to less-soluble uranium U(IV) is a promising approach to minimize migration from contaminated aquifers. It is generally assumed that, under constant reducing conditions, U(IV) is stable and immobile; however, in a previous study, we documented reoxidation of U(IV) under continuous reducing conditions (Wan et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:6162-6169). To determine if changes in microbial community composition were a factor in U(IV) reoxidation, we employed a high-density phylogenetic DNA microarray (16S microarray) containing 500,000 probes to monitor changes in bacterial populations during this remediation process. Comparison of the 16S microarray with clone libraries demonstrated successful detection and classification of most clone groups. Analysis of the most dynamic groups of 16S rRNA gene amplicons detected by the 16S microarray identified five clusters of bacterial subfamilies responding in a similar manner. This approach demonstrated that amplicons of known metal-reducing bacteria such as Geothrix fermentans (confirmed by quantitative PCR) and those within the Geobacteraceae were abundant during U(VI) reduction and did not decline during the U(IV) reoxidation phase. Significantly, it appears that the observed reoxidation of uranium under reducing conditions occurred despite elevated microbial activity and the consistent presence of metal-reducing bacteria. High-density phylogenetic microarrays constitute a powerful tool, enabling the detection and monitoring of a substantial portion of the microbial population in a routine, accurate, and reproducible manner.