The Wenchuan earthquake (Richter scale 8) on 12 May 2008 in southwestern China caused widespread ecosystem damage in the Longmenshan area. It is important to evaluate natural vegetation recovery processes and provide basic information on ecological aspects of the recovering environment after the earthquake. To circumvent the weather limits of remote sensing in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit areas, and to meet the need for regional observation analyses, three Landsat TM images pre- and post-earthquake in Mao County were used for analysis. Post-earthquake normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were compared to pre-earthquake values with an NDVI-based index differencing method to determine the extent to which the vegetation was damaged in relation to the pre-earthquake pattern, and the rate of recovery was evaluated. The spatial characteristics of vegetation loss and natural recovery patterns were analyzed in relation to elevation, slope and aspect. The results indicated that severely damaged sites occurred mainly in river valleys, within a range of 1,500?C2,500?m elevation and on slopes of 25?C55°. The distance from rivers, rather than the distance from active faults, controls the damage patterns. After 1?year of natural regeneration, 36?% of the destroyed areas showed a decrease in NDVI value, 28.8?% showed very little change, 19.1?% showed an increase, and 16.1?% also increased with a recovery rate greater than 100?%. Moreover, there is a good correlation between recovery rate and both slope and elevation, but recovery patterns in the damaged area are complicated. Our results indicate that natural recovery in this arid valley is a slow process. 相似文献
Two novel aminooligosaccharides were separated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces coelicoflavus ZG0656. Their chemical structures were determined by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Because of their acarviosine core structures, the names acarviostatins II23 and II13 were given to the novel compounds. The two acarviostatins were both mixed noncompetitive inhibitors of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA), with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 0.009 microM (acarviostatin II23) and 0.010 microM (acarviostatin II13). Therefore, acarviostatin II23 and acarviostatin II13 are, respectively, 231 and 208 times more potent than acarbose. 相似文献
Protein is one of the three main storage chemical components in maize grains, and is negatively correlated with starch concentration
(SC). Our objective was to analyse the influence of genetic backgrounds on QTL detection for protein concentration (PC) and
to reveal the molecular genetic associations between PC and both SC and grain weight (GWP). Two hundred and eighty-four (Pop1)
and 265 (Pop2) F2:3 families were developed from two crosses between one high-oil maize inbred GY220 and two normal maize inbreds 8984 and 8622
respectively, and were genotyped with 185 and 173 pairs of SSR markers. PC, SC and GWP were evaluated under two environments.
Composite interval mapping (CIM) and multiple interval mapping (MIM) methods were used to detect single-trait QTL for PC,
and multiple-trait QTL for PC with both SC and GWP. No common QTL were shared between the two populations for their four and
one PC QTL. Common QTL with opposite signs of effects for PC and SC/GWP were detected on three marker intervals at bins 6.07–6.08,
8.03 and 8.03–8.04. Multiple-traits QTL mapping showed that tightly-linked QTL, pleiotropic QTL and QTL having effects with
opposite directions for PC and SC/GWP were all observed in Pop1, while all QTL reflected opposite effects in Pop2. 相似文献
The role of exosomes derived from endothelial cells (ECs) in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS) and inflammation remains largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether exosome derived from CD137‐modified ECs (CD137‐Exo) played a major role in AS and to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying the inflammatory effect. Exosomes derived from mouse brain microvascular ECs treated with agonist anti‐CD137 antibody were used to explore the effect of CD137 signalling in AS and inflammation in vitro and vivo. CD137‐Exo efficiently induced the progression of AS in ApoE?/? mice. CD137‐Exo increased the proportion of Th17 cells both in vitro and vivo. The IL‐6 contained in CD137‐Exo which is regulated by Akt and NF‐КB pathway was verified to activate Th17 cell differentiation. IL‐17 increased apoptosis, inhibited cell viability and improved lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in ECs subjected to inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule1 (sICAM‐1), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and E‐selectin in the supernatants of ECs after IL‐17 treatment was dramatically increased. CD137‐Exo promoted the progression of AS and Th17 cell differentiation via NF‐КB pathway mediated IL‐6 expression. This finding provided a potential method to prevent local and peripheral inflammation in AS. 相似文献
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate optimum dietary methionine (Met) requirement of juvenile humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) and the influence of dietary methionine (Met) supplementations on growth, gut micromorphology, protein and lipid metabolism. Seven isoproteic (48.91%) and isolipidic diets (10%) were made to contain 0.70, 0.88, 1.04, 1.27 1.46, 1.61 and 1.76% of dry matter Met levels. Results showed that lower survival, weight gain (WG%), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV) but higher daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in the Met deficient groups (0.70 and 0.88%). Optimum dietary Met requirement for humpback grouper was found to be 1.07% through the straight-broken line analysis of WG% against Met. Fish fed Met deficient diets (0.70, 0.88%) exhibited lower mRNA levels of growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), target of rapamycin (TOR) as well as S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) than other dietary groups. Whereas, expression of genes related to general control nonderepressible (GCN2) kinase i.e., GCN2 and C/EBPβ enhancer-binding protein β was upregulated in fish fed low Met diets (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were higher in fish fed 0.70 and 0.88% dietary Met group and the lipolytic genes, hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) showed an opposite variation tendency as FAS or SREBP1. Generally, the optimum Met requirement for humpback grouper was predicted to be 1.07% of dry matter.
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - The peptides YYGGEGSSSEQG and SESEM derived from rice α-globulin have been reported to possess anti-atherosclerotic activity, but... 相似文献