不同倍性小麦和玉米不同群体杂交诱导小麦单倍体的研究

自从Ｚｅｎｋｔｅｌｅｒ等［１］首先报道了小麦×玉米受精现象以来,许多学者对六倍体普通小麦与玉米杂交进行了广泛的研究,获得单倍体的普通小麦,并筛选到一些杂交亲和性较高的亲本材料［２］。但四倍体小麦与玉米杂交研究报道较少。ＯＤｏｎｏｕｇｈｕｅ等用四倍体小麦与玉米杂交获得单倍体胚［３］。随后,Ａｍｒａｎｉ等［４］和孙敬三等［５］利用这一方法相继获得四倍体小麦的单倍体苗。本文报道了不同倍性的小麦基因型与玉米不同群体杂交对诱导小麦单倍体的影响１　材料和方法１．１　亲本材料用作母本的二倍体小麦有一粒小麦（…     

冬虫夏草成熟过程中中国被毛孢和蝙蝠蛾拟青霉DNA共存及竞争增殖力、化学成分变化

文献报道从冬虫夏草中分离得到蝙蝠蛾拟青霉和中国被毛孢,本研究检测了蝙蝠蛾拟青霉和中国被毛孢真菌及其DNA在冬虫夏草中的共存,同时检测了2个真菌在冬虫夏草成熟过程中的竞争增殖力。应用色谱法和质谱法检测了冬虫夏草及中国被毛孢和蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体的化学成分指纹谱。在冬虫夏草中检测到蝙蝠蛾拟青霉和中国被毛孢活菌,在虫体和子座中检测到这两个真菌的DNA。从子座露出地表后,冬虫夏草的成熟伴有蛋白质和小分子有机化合物指纹谱的动态变化,中国被毛孢竞争增殖力下降(P<0.001)。中国被毛孢和蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体的化学成分指纹谱均不能与冬虫夏草的成分完全重叠,与中国被毛孢相比,蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体与冬虫夏草的指纹谱更相似。结论:中药冬虫夏草的成熟伴有蝙蝠蛾拟青霉和中国被毛孢真菌共存于它的虫体和子座,也伴有冬虫夏草化学成分的变化和中国被毛孢竞争增殖力的下降。     

小鼠精子注入兔卵母细胞受精研究

利用显微操作仪将小鼠精子注入家兔卵母细胞的胞质内和透明带下,对鼠兔异种精卵互作和异种受精胚胎的发育进行了研究,并对注射精子的数量及卵的体外成熟时间等影响鼠兔异种显微受精的因素进行了探讨,结果如下:(1)将小鼠精子分别注入兔卵胞质内和透明带下,均能激活兔卵母细胞,导致精核解聚和原核形成;(2)小鼠精子注入兔卵胞质内和透明带下受精,杂种胚胎体外培养能发育到8-细胞期;(3)鼠兔异种受精4-细胞胚胎染色体标本制备观察结果表明,它们为正常二倍体;(4)鼠兔异种受精4-细胞胚胎的超微结构观察结果表明,它们极近似兔正常4-细胞胚胎的超微结构;(5)将小鼠精子注入兔卵透明带下,注射5—10个精子组卵的受精率(32.4%)和卵裂率(16.2%)均高于注射单个精子组的,但二组间差异不显著(P>0.05);DM 15%NCS液中体外成熟培养11—12h兔卵透明带下注入1—2个小鼠精子后的受精率(42.3%)和卵裂率(30.8%)均高于体外成熟培养24—25h组的,但二组间差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。     

甘肃省生态足迹和生态承载力发展趋势研究

生态足迹方法是一种可持续发展程度的生物物理评价方法。该方法从一个全新的角度考虑人类及其发展与生态环境的关系,通过跟踪区域能源与资源消费,将它们转化为这种物质流所必需的各种生物生产土地的面积(生物物理指标),给出一个核算全球、国家、地区以及家庭和个人对自然资本利用的简明框架。该方法通过测算人类的生态足迹与生态承载力之间的差距,定量地判断区域的发展是否处于生态承载力的范围之内,给评价对象的可持续发展提供科学依据。利用生态足迹分析法对甘肃省11年来的生态足迹和生态承载力进行实证研究,并预测了未来10a甘肃省的可持续发展趋势。结果表明1991～2001年甘肃省人均生态足迹由1．009hm^2增加到1．369hm^2,而人均生态承载力则由1．348hm^2逐年减少到0．994hm^2,表明生态足迹(即生态承载力需求)与生态承载力供给呈反向发展趋势。1998年甘肃省出现生态赤字,2001年人均生态赤字已达0．375hm^2。预测甘肃省2010年的人均生态足迹为2．65hm^2左右,人均生态承载力为1．06hm^2左右,生态赤字加剧．说明甘肃省的可持续发展面临严峻的考验。最后,分析了生态足迹法的不足之处,并提出完善和修正生态足迹模型的建议。     

A rationally designed fluorescence probe achieves highly specific and long-term detection of senescence in vitro and in vivo

Senescent cells (SnCs) are implicated in aging and various age-related pathologies. Targeting SnCs can treat age-related diseases and extend health span. However, precisely tracking and visualizing of SnCs is still challenging, especially in in vivo environments. Here, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (XZ1208) that targets β-galactosidase (β-Gal), a well-accepted biomarker for cellular senescence. XZ1208 can be cleaved rapidly by β-Gal and produces a strong fluorescence signal in SnCs. We demonstrated the high specificity and sensitivity of XZ1208 in labeling SnCs in naturally aged, total body irradiated (TBI), and progeroid mouse models. XZ1208 achieved a long-term duration of over 6 days in labeling senescence without causing significant toxicities and accurately detected the senolytic effects of ABT263 on eliminating SnCs. Furthermore, XZ1208 was applied to monitor SnCs accumulated in fibrotic diseases and skin wound healing models. Overall, we developed a tissue-infiltrating NIR probe and demonstrated its excellent performance in labeling SnCs in aging and senescence-associated disease models, indicating great potential for application in aging studies and diagnosis of senescence-associated diseases.     

Cold atmospheric plasma applications in dermatology: A systematic review

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) applications can potentially lead to effective therapy for numerous skin diseases. Our aim is to systematically review the available data and map the use of CAP in dermatology. PubMed, Embase and Web of science were explored before 2020 for studies regarding the use of CAP in dermatology. A total of 166 studies were finally included. 74.1% of these studies used indirect CAP sources. Most studies used plasma jet (67.5%). Argon was the mostly used working gas (48.2%). Plasma application itself could be direct (89.2%) and indirect (16.3%). The proportion of studies with in vivo results remained 57.2%, of which most concerned direct plasma treatment (97.9%). Analyses performed indicate that CAP has been beneficial in many skin disorders. While, most CAP applications were focused on wound healing and melanoma treatment. This study provides a brief overview of CAP sources and relative medical applications in dermatology.     

End-to-end face parsing via interlinked convolutional neural networks

Face parsing is an important computer vision task that requires accurate pixel segmentation of facial parts (such as eyes, nose, mouth, etc.), providing a basis for further face analysis, modification, and other applications. Interlinked Convolutional Neural Networks (iCNN) was proved to be an effective two-stage model for face parsing. However, the original iCNN was trained separately in two stages, limiting its performance. To solve this problem, we introduce a simple, end-to-end face parsing framework: STN-aided iCNN(STN-iCNN), which extends the iCNN by adding a Spatial Transformer Network (STN) between the two isolated stages. The STN-iCNN uses the STN to provide a trainable connection to the original two-stage iCNN pipeline, making end-to-end joint training possible. Moreover, as a by-product, STN also provides more precise cropped parts than the original cropper. Due to these two advantages, our approach significantly improves the accuracy of the original model. Our model achieved competitive performance on the Helen Dataset, the standard face parsing dataset. It also achieved superior performance on CelebAMask-HQ dataset, proving its good generalization. Our code has been released at https://github.com/aod321/STN-iCNN.     

Effects of rutin on osteoblast MC3T3-E1 differentiation,ALP activity and Runx2 protein expression

As a flavonoid, rutin has been found to have a wide range of biological functions, such as resisting inflammation and oxidation, and preventing cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension. It has been found to play an important role in osteoporosis and other orthopedic diseases in recent years. MC3T3-E1 cells were randomly divided into a control group, a rutin-1 group (0.01 mmol/L), a rutin-2 group (0.05 mmol/L) and a rutin-3 group (0.1 mmol/L). Osteogenic differentiation of cells was induced by osteogenic induction fluid. The control group was treated with the maximum dose of drug solvent. 2~3 days later, the solvent was replaced with fresh osteogenic induction fluid containing rutin. After a certain period of routine culture, the cells were collected for subsequent experiments. The expression of Runx2 gene in cells in all groups was detected by Real-time PCR; the expression of Runx2 protein was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry (IHC); the activity of ALP was detected by reagent kit method; osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by alizarin red staining. The results of Real-time PCR showed that, compared with the control group, the treatment of cells with rutin can significantly increase the expression of Runx2 gene (p<0.05); the higher the concentration, the higher the expression of Runx2 gene, and significant differences were found among groups in which different concentrations were used (p<0.05); the results of Western blot and IHC showed that the expression trend of Runx2 protein in each group was consistent with PCR results. In drug treatment groups, the activity of ALP was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05); there were significant differences among groups in which different concentrations were used (p<0.05). The results of alizarin red staining showed that calcified nodules were formed in all groups and that the area of calcified nodules formed in groups treated with rutin was greater than that in the control group; the greater the concentration, the larger the area. Rutin can promote osteoblastic differentiation; and the greater the concentration, the more effective it is.Key words: xRutin, Runx2, ALP, osteogenic differentiation