在高植物蛋白饲料中添加水解鱼蛋白对牙鲆幼鱼的影响

研究采用酶解技术水解太平洋鳕鱼肉, 制备不同分子量组分的两种水解鱼蛋白产品(Fish protein hydrolysate,FPH-A 和FPH-B)。在牙鲆幼鱼高植物蛋白饲料配方中, 以水解鱼蛋白产物1.2%和3.7%两个梯度替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白, 在室内流水养殖系统中进行了为期60d 的生长实验。研究了高植物蛋白饲料中添加水解鱼蛋白对肉食性鱼类牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)生长性能和饲料利用的影响。结果表明, 添加3.7%的水解鱼蛋白显著促进了牙鲆幼鱼的生长, 特别是添加了富含低分子量组分的水解蛋白产品(FPH-A)后实验鱼的特定生长率最高。各实验处理组牙鲆摄食率没有显著差异。摄食添加3.7% FPH-A 的牙鲆鱼体粗蛋白含量显著高于对照鱼粉组。添加水解鱼蛋白显著提高了牙鲆幼鱼的蛋白质消化率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率,摄食3.7% FPH-A 实验鱼蛋白质消化率、蛋白质效率和蛋白沉积率最高, 显著高于其他各组。实验表明, 高植物蛋白饲料中添加低分子量组分的水解鱼蛋白可显著提高牙鲆幼鱼的生长和饲料蛋白利用。       

Yeast Mre11 and Rad1 proteins define a Ku-independent mechanism to repair double-strand breaks lacking overlapping end sequences

End joining of double-strand breaks (DSBs) requires Ku proteins and frequently involves base pairing between complementary terminal sequences. To define the role of terminal base pairing in end joining, two oppositely oriented HO endonuclease cleavage sites separated by 2.0 kb were integrated into yeast chromosome III, where constitutive expression of HO endonuclease creates two simultaneous DSBs with no complementary end sequence. Lack of complementary sequence in their 3' single-strand overhangs facilitates efficient repair events distinctly different from when the 3' ends have a 4-bp sequence base paired in various ways to create 2- to 3-bp insertions. Repair of noncomplementary ends results in a set of nonrandom deletions of up to 302 bp, annealed by imperfect microhomology of about 8 to 10 bp at the junctions. This microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) is Ku independent, but strongly dependent on Mre11, Rad50, and Rad1 proteins and partially dependent on Dnl4 protein. The MMEJ also occurs when Rad52 is absent, but the extent of deletions becomes more limited. The increased gamma ray sensitivity of rad1Delta rad52Delta yku70Delta strains compared to rad52Delta yku70Delta strains suggests that MMEJ also contributes to the repair of DSBs induced by ionizing radiation.     

Rap1-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation facilitates AMPA receptor trafficking via the GDI.Rab5 complex. Potential role in (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycene-induced long term depression

Recent evidence has emphasized the importance of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the induction of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent long term depression (LTD) at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses. However, the cascade responsible of mGluR to activate p38 MAPK and the signaling pathway immediately downstream from it to induce synaptic depression is poorly understood. Here, we show that transient activation of group I mGluR with the selective agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) activates p38 MAPK through G protein betagamma-subunit, small GTPase Rap1, and MAPK kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6), thus resulting in mGluR5-dependent LTD. Furthermore, our data clearly show that an accelerating AMPA receptor endocytosis by stimulating the formation of guanyl nucleotide dissociation inhibitor-Rab5 complex is a potential downstream processing of p38 MAPK activation to mediate DHPG-LTD. These results suggest an important role for Rap1-MKK3/6-p38 MAPK pathway in the induction of mGluR-dependent LTD by directly coupling to receptor trafficking machineries to facilitate the loss of synaptic AMPA receptors.     

上海部分地区儿童艰难梭菌相关性腹泻的临床分析

本文旨在监测儿童腹泻中艰难梭菌相关性腹泻(CDAD)的发病情况,并对其进行回顾性临床分析。对复旦大学附属儿科医院2007年2月～9月111例腹泻患儿的粪便标本进行艰难梭菌毒素A检测及粪便厌氧菌培养,对所有患儿进行回顾性病史采集及分析,并对粪便培养所得的4株艰难梭菌菌株用多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析(MLVA)技术进行同源性分析。111例患者中,艰难梭菌毒素A检测及艰难梭菌培养均为阳性者无,艰难梭菌毒素A阳性而艰难梭菌培养阴性者16例,艰难梭菌毒素A阴性而艰难梭菌培养阳性者4例,艰难梭菌毒素A及艰难梭菌培养均阴性者91例。比较院内、院外组3种不同病程腹泻CDAD的发病率,无显著差异。MLVA分析发现粪便培养得到的4株艰难梭菌菌株有部分同源性。结果提示,目前上海部分地区儿童CDAD发病情况为散发,但彼此之间有部分同源性;院内、外获得性腹泻的CDAD发病率无显著差异;艰难梭菌毒素A阳性或艰难梭菌培养阳性的病例在临床表现上与艰难梭菌毒素A阴性且艰难梭菌培养阴性的腹泻病例无显著差异。     

结合微针及AFM的单细胞精准激励与力学特性同步测量

目的 细胞力学特性与细胞生理病理变化过程及机体健康状态密切相关,研究细胞力学特性对于揭示生命活动内在机制具有重要科学意义.原子力显微镜(AFM)的出现为单细胞研究提供了新的技术手段,它不仅可以在溶液环境下对单个活细胞的形貌结构进行高分辨率成像,还能够对细胞力学特性进行定量测量.基于AFM的单细胞力学特性研究在过去数十年...     

半滑舌鳎受精卵、卵黄囊仔鱼和开口仔鱼氨基酸及脂肪酸的变化

采用气相色谱仪和氨基酸分析仪测定了半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)受精卵、卵黄囊仔鱼和开口仔鱼的氨基酸与脂肪酸组成的变化。结果表明:总氨基酸组成在受精卵和卵黄囊仔鱼之间变化明显,但是在卵黄囊仔鱼和开口仔鱼之间只有细微的变化。开口仔鱼与其摄食的轮虫的总必需氨基酸组成相关。受精卵、卵黄囊仔鱼、开口仔鱼的游离氨基酸含量分别为139 mg/g、3.6 mg/g和2.5 mg/g,占总氨基酸含量的22.3%、3.6%和2.5%。饱和脂肪酸的总量从受精卵到卵黄囊仔鱼明显下降,但是发育到开口仔鱼含量无显著变化。单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的总量在不同发育阶段无显著变化,而EPA和DHA的含量从卵黄囊仔鱼到开口仔鱼有明显下降。这表明在早期发育阶段半滑舌鳎主要利用饱和脂肪酸作为能量代谢的基质,对饱和脂肪酸的利用程度大于单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸。半滑舌鳎似乎需要长链的多不饱和脂肪酸如EPA、DHA和ARA。     

单域抗体研究进展

近年来用基因工程方法从软骨鱼和骆驼科动物中克隆到的单域抗体（single—domain antibody,sdAb）具有无轻链、单一重链可变区保留了完整的抗原结合活性的特征。这类单域抗体具有分子小、稳定性高、体内组织渗透性好、可溶性好、易表达、抗原识别表位独特的特性,已引起生物技术研究与诊断治疗应用领域的广泛关注,取得了快速发展。综述了这类单域抗体发展历史、分子类别、结构特征、理化特征、分子演化及应用前景。     

LncRNA-GAS5对BCG感染小鼠巨噬细胞后细胞坏死的调控作用

【背景】LncRNA-GAS5是由Gas5基因编码的功能性LncRNA分子,对细胞极化、细胞凋亡、坏死和自噬等多种生物学过程具有重要的调控作用。【目的】探讨LncRNA-GAS5对卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin,BCG)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7坏死的调控作用。【方法】构建LncRNA-GAS5的过表达及干扰载体,分别转染巨噬细胞RAW264.7后使用BCG感染,采用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)检测细胞存活率,通过透射电镜观察细胞坏死形态,利用碘化丙啶(Propidine iodide,PI)单染法流式细胞仪检测细胞坏死率,通过实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot法研究坏死相关调控因子RIP1、RIP3和MLKL的表达水平。【结果】BCG感染巨噬细胞后,LncRNA-GAS5表达水平显著上调;同时,采用LncRNA-GAS5过表达载体单独转染或结合BCG感染后,巨噬细胞存活率均下降且细胞坏死率显著增加。同时坏死关键调控因子RIP1、RIP3和MLKL的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著上调(P0.001),而GAS5干扰载体可有效抑制这一效果。【结论】LncRNA-GAS5通过上调坏死相关因子RIP1、RIP3及MLKL的表达促进BCG感染巨噬细胞后诱导的细胞坏死,研究结果为进一步探讨LncRNA-GAS5对BCG感染巨噬细胞后细胞坏死调控的分子机制奠定了基础。