濒危珍稀植物半枫荷的转录组分析

为加强中国特有濒危植物半枫荷资源的保护与利用工作,采用高通量测序平台Illumina HiSeq 2500对其进行转录组测序,将得到的数据过滤后进行de novo组装并聚类去冗余,获得77 629个Unigenes,通过九大功能数据库比对、分析、注释,最终有45 293个Unigenes获得注释信息;其中在KOG按功能分为25个子类,获得25 253个功能注释信息;GO功能注释可分为细胞组分、生物学过程、分子功能3大类、分别可细分为22、26、17亚类（共65个亚类）;与KEGG数据库对比,共发现286条代谢通路,其中发现可能与半枫荷药用活性成分相关的次生代谢产物生物合成的177条途径;根据组装结果预测出88个基因家族共1 547个编码转录因子的Unigenes,发现控制药效合成的转录因子家族。另外,根据注释结果检测到12 579个SNP多态位点和预测出57 671个CDS位点。本研究首次对半枫荷转录组进行分析,为深入开展半枫荷分子生物学研究提供基础数据来源。     

一株硝化反硝化菌的筛选鉴定及反硝化特性研究

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Reduced expression of GSTM2 and increased oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rat

Human essential hypertension is a complex polygenic trait with underlying genetic components that remain unknown. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is a well-characterized experimental model for essential hypertension. By comparative proteomics, we previously identified glutathione S-transferase, mu 2 (GSTM2), a protein involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, which had a significant reduction in left ventricles of 16-week-old SHR compared with WKY rats. In parallel, Western blotting and RT-PCR showed a similar reduction of GSTM2 in left ventricles and aortas of 4-, 8-, and 16-week-old SHR, which is before the onset of hypertension. This suggests that differential expression is not attributable to long-term changes in blood pressure. Meanwhile, the activities of GSTM2 were significantly decreased in different ages old SHR. Conversely, there was an enhanced generation of superoxide anion and activation of NADPH oxidase in SHR, which was accompanied by an increase in the protein expression of p47phox, a subunit of NADPH oxidase. These data suggest that it maybe a reduction in antioxidant defenses, evident by a reduced expression and activity of GSTM2, in the left ventricles and aortas of SHR that leads to increased levels of superoxide anion and activation of NADPH oxidase.     

东灵山华北落叶松人工林的分布格局及环境解释

应用TWINSPAN、CCA和物种多样性分析,从植物群落、植物种与环境的生态关系等方面研究了东灵山华北落叶松人工林的植被分布格局,并给予合理的环境解释。TWINSPAN分类将华北落叶松人工林分为4个类型,分类结果在CCA二维排序图上得到了较好的验证。样方与物种的CCA排序较好地揭示了该区华北落叶松人工林的分布格局与环境梯度的关系：坡位、坡度、土壤厚度和海拔是影响该区华北落叶松人工林的主导因子。结合物种多样性分析,结果表明东灵山绝大多数华北落叶松人工林生长良好,并根据华北落叶松喜凉湿习性,建议在该区自然分布海拔以下造林时,应优先选择阴坡和半阴坡的中、下位坡。     

Neural network modeling of batch cell growth pattern

The capability of neural networks in modeling batch cell growth by providing initial conditions only is tested in this study. The neural network tested is of the back-propagation-type including a newly discovered saturation-type transfer function. The simulation and prediction results of this neural network modeling will be demonstrated. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Regulation of Secretion of Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Protein by the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade

Abstract: Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) regulates the processing of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) into its soluble form (sAPP) and amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). However, little is known about the intermediate steps between PKC activation and modulation of APP metabolism. Using a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase activation (PD 98059), as well as a dominant negative mutant of MAP kinase kinase, we show in various cell lines that stimulation of PKC by phorbol ester rapidly induces sAPP secretion through a mechanism involving activation of the MAP kinase cascade. In PC12-M1 cells, activation of MAP kinase by nerve growth factor was associated with stimulation of sAPP release. Conversely, M1 muscarinic receptor stimulation, which is known to act in part through a PKC-independent pathway, increased sAPP secretion mainly through a MAP kinase-independent pathway. Aβ secretion and its regulation by PKC were not affected by PD 98059, supporting the concept of distinct secretory pathways for Aβ and sAPP formation.     

Epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies toEscherichia coli ribosomal protein S3

The antigenic structure ofEscherichia coli ribosomal protein S3 has been investigated by use of monoclonal antibodies. Six S3-specific monoclonal antibodies secreted by mouse hybridomas have been identified by immunoblotting of two-dimensional ribosomal protein separation gels. By using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we have divided these monoclonal antibodies into three mutual inhibition groups, members of which are directed to three distinct regions of the S3 molecule. The independence of these monoclonal antibody-defined regions was confirmed by the failure of pairs of monoclonal antibodies from two inhibition groups to block the binding of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies of the third group. To determine the regions recognized by these monoclonal antibodies, chemically cleaved S3 peptides were fractionated by gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The fractionated peptides were coated on plates and examined for specific interaction with monoclonal antibody by enzyme immunoassay. In this manner, two epitopes have been mapped at the ends of the S3 molecule: one, in the last 22 residues, is recognized by three monoclonal antibodies; and the second, in the first 21 residues, is defined by two monoclonal antibodies. The third S3 epitope, recognized by a single monoclonal antibody, has been localized in a central segment of about 90 residues by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. These epitope-mapped monoclonal antibodies are valuable probes for studying S3 structurein situ.     

Chaperone and antichaperone activities of trigger factor.

Reduced denatured lysozyme tends to aggregate at neutral pH and competition between productive folding and aggregation substantially reduces the efficiency of refolding. Trigger factor, a folding catalyst and chaperone can, depending on the concentration of trigger factor and the solution conditions, cause either a substantial increase (chaperone activity) or a substantial decrease (antichaperone activity) in the recovery of native lysozyme as compared with spontaneous refolding. When trigger factor is working as a chaperone, the reactivation rates of lysozyme are decelerated and aggregation decreases with increasing trigger factor concentrations. Under conditions where antichaperone activity of trigger factor dominates, the reactivation rates of lysozyme are accelerated and aggregation is increased. Trigger factor and lysozyme were both released from the aggregates on re-solubilization with urea indicating that trigger factor participates directly in aggregate formation and is incorporated into the aggregates. The apparently dual effect of trigger factor toward refolding of lysozyme is a consequence of the peptide binding ability and may be important in regulation of protein biosynthesis.