Relationship of the lung microbiome with PD-L1 expression and immunotherapy response in lung cancer

IL-35 subunit EBI3 is up-regulated in pulmonary fibrosis tissues. In this study, we investigated the pathological role of EBI3 in pulmonary fibrosis and dissected the underlying molecular mechanism. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was established, and samples were performed gene expression analyses through RNAseq, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Wild type and EBI3 knockout mice were exposed to bleomycin to investigate the pathological role of IL-35, via lung function and gene expression analyses. Primary lung epithelial cells were used to dissect the regulatory mechanism of EBI3 on STAT1/STAT4 and STAT3. IL-35 was elevated in both human and mouse with pulmonary fibrosis. EBI3 knockdown aggravated the symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. EBI3 deficiency enhanced the expressions of fibrotic and extracellular matrix-associated genes. Mechanistically, IL-35 activated STAT1 and STAT4, which in turn suppressed DNA enrichment of STAT3 and inhibited the fibrosis process. IL-35 might be one of the potential therapeutic targets for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.     

海南尖峰岭国家级自然保护区森林动态监测样地鸟类和兽类多样性

2016年8月至2019年2月, 我们利用红外相机对海南尖峰岭60 ha森林动态监测样地的鸟类和兽类进行了调查。共在79个位点上布设了红外相机, 累积27,848个相机日, 获得可鉴定到物种的独立有效照片15,320张。经鉴定, 共拍摄到46种野生动物, 包括16种兽类(隶属于6目11科)和30种鸟类(隶属于8目16科)。其中, 属于国家I级重点保护的野生动物有3种, 即海南孔雀雉(Polyplectron katsumatae)、海南山鹧鸪(Arborophila ardens)和中华穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla), 属于国家II级重点保护的野生动物有6种, 分别是猕猴(Macaca mulatta)、巨松鼠(Ratufa bicolor)、红原鸡(Gallus gallus)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)和蓝背八色鸫(Pitta soror)。拍摄率最高的前5种兽类依次是帚尾豪猪(Atherurus macrourus)、红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)、白腹巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)、赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)和赤麂(Muntiacus vaginalis);前5种鸟类依次是白鹇、海南孔雀雉、蓝背八色鸫、海南山鹧鸪和栗颊噪鹛(Garrulax castanotis)。本研究补充调查了海南尖峰岭国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类的多样性, 与之前的基线调查对比分析了大样地内野生动物物种及其相对多度的动态变化, 可为保护区生物多样性监测方案设计和保护对策的制定提供科学依据。     

支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率等指标的影响

目的探讨支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率和其他指标的影响。方法选取我科收治的重症肺炎患儿126例,分为研究组及对照组,各63例。其中研究组在常规治疗基础上联合支气管镜肺泡灌洗及局部应用抗生素治疗,对照组采用常规治疗,比较2组患者的临床治疗效果。结果治疗后,研究组的临床有效率为90.5%,高于对照组的76.2%(χ~2=4.629,P=0.031);治疗后研究组患者的痰液中病菌清除率为77.7%,显著高于对照组的57.2%(χ~2=6.110,P=0.013);治疗后研究组患者的相关炎性指标(高敏C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α及白介素-6)均较对照组显著降低(t=3.522、4.912、4.183,P=0.033、0.032、0.033);治疗后研究组患者的相关血气指标(动脉血氧分压及氧合指数)均较对照组显著升高,而二氧化碳分压较对照组显著降低(t=3.612、3.312、6.162,P=0.039、0.040、0.028)。结论 BAL联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效更为显著,值得临床推广应用。     

肝硬化合并结核病患者的临床特征

目的分析肝硬化合并结核病患者的临床特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析2014年9月至2017年7月于浙江大学医学院附属第一医院住院的肝硬化合并结核病患者的相关资料,总结患者的临床特征。结果共收治68例肝硬化合并结核病患者,其中男性50例(73.5%),女性18例(26.5%),平均年龄(59.9±13.7)岁。在所有患者中,肝硬化最常见的原因是HBV感染(46例,67.7%)和酒精(9例,13.2%)。肺结核(43例)、结核性腹膜炎(13例)、结核性胸膜炎(12例)是最常见的结核类型,此外骨关节结核、结核性脑膜炎、结核性心包炎、泌尿系结核、肠结核、淋巴结结核均可见。该类患者常见临床表现为乏力、腹胀,出现发热的患者不足半数,有盗汗表现的更为罕见。结论肝硬化患者并发结核后可使病情复杂化,增加治疗难度。此外部分患者临床表现不典型,需提高警惕,避免漏诊。     

IgA肾病患者与健康人肠道菌群的比较

目的通过16S rRNA高通量基因测序方法对IgA肾病患者与健康人的肠道菌群进行比较。方法纳入生活于同一地区的40例IgA肾病患者与10例健康人,收集研究对象的新鲜粪便样本,提取粪便细菌总DNA,通过PCR扩增后上机测序,然后进行可操作分类单元聚类、物种分类分析及Alpha多样性分析、Beta多样性分析,最后比较两组之间的肠道菌群差异。结果与健康人相比,IgA肾病患者肠道菌群丰富度指数(Ace、Chao1)下降(u=2.308,P=0.033;u=2.259,P=0.039),多样性指数(Shannon、Simpson)升高(u=5.370,P0.001;u=4.601,P=0.007);相对丰度方面,IgA肾病患者的厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门细菌数量增加(t=2.301,P=0.037;t=6.729,P=0.005;t=5.285,P=0.006),而变形菌门细菌数量减少(t=4.138,P=0.009);拟杆菌属、链球菌属细菌数量增加(t=9.037,P=0.003;t=6.001,P=0.008),而unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae数量减少(t=2.198,P=0.033)。PCoA图提示两组肠道菌群有显著差异。LDA差异贡献分析发现两组之间共有15个物种存在显著差异,其中造成显著差异影响力最大的5个物种依次是γ-变形菌纲、unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae、肠杆菌科、肠杆菌目、变形菌门(t=9.930,P=0.002;t=2.198,P=0.033;t=2.604,P=0.015;t=2.393,P=0.021;t=4.138,P=0.009),它们刚好落在同一个进化树上,在IgA肾病组的相对丰度显著降低。结论 IgA肾病患者存在肠道菌群失调,显著减少的肠杆菌科的未知属可能是IgA肾病的特征菌,其对机体免疫的影响及在IgA肾病发生发展中的作用尚不清楚,进一步研究可能为IgA肾病的防治提供新的靶点。     

可溶性膳食纤维联合益生菌治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征的临床疗效观察

目的观察可溶性膳食纤维联合益生菌治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征的临床疗效及安全性。方法将2017年1月至2019年1月本院就诊的130例老年便秘型肠易激综合征患者随机分为膳食纤维联合益生菌组、益生菌组和膳食纤维组。膳食纤维联合益生菌组患者服用可溶性膳食纤维联合双歧杆菌三联活菌片,益生菌组口服双歧杆菌三联活菌片,膳食纤维组使用可溶性膳食纤维,三组疗程均为30 d。比较三组患者症状改善情况、PAC-QOL评分、CSI评分。结果三组患者治疗后PAC-QOL评分、CSI评分较治疗前显著减低,且膳食纤维联合益生菌组治疗后PAC-QOL评分均低于益生菌组和膳食纤维组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。膳食纤维联合益生菌组患者治疗后临床总有效率较益生菌组和膳食纤维组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论可溶性膳食纤维联合益生菌治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征患者效果显著,无明显不良反应。     

Three MTP Transporters Sequestrate Zn in Sedum alfredii Hance

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) of Sedum alfredii Hance is a Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator, which can accumulate Zn in shoot up to 2% of dry weight, understanding the...     

Population dynamics,hunting nature on insect pests and existence of symbiotic bacterial microbes among leading transgenic cotton spiders

The genetically modified cotton holding Bt proteins, is noxious to bollworms larvae but very little is known about its impact on population of non-target spiders within the field. Studies conducted with the aim to identify spiders along with their abundance, prevalence pattern, preying habit on insect pests in Bt cotton (L280, Cry2Ab4) and commonness of symbiotic bacteria in these spiders. Spiders collections were made via vial tapping/jarring, from May to end of October (2018). In total, 13,342 spiders were recorded during the entire cropping season. Least relative abundance was in May (0.28%), highest in August (30.39%) while ahead decline was observed, reached to 12% in October. The 27 species were verified, least richness was in May (3 species), high in August (19 species), later in the end, reduced to 7 species. High abundance was of Hylyphantes graminicola (68.56%) and Neoscona theisi (19.98%). Existence of H. graminicola and Pardosa astrigera observed during the whole cropping season. Presence of seven guilds among spiders had a diverse nature of hunting insect pests and on number of species existed in the crop, maximum was from direct hunting habit. Composition and community structure of microbiota varied as of spider species. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum and topmost genus was Wolbachia in observed spiders. Five groups of bacteria distinguished across 4 clusters of spiders depending on core community of symbiotic bacterial genera. This effort is an initial step to get knowhow about spiders in Bt cotton, which will facilitate future research studies concerning spiders.     

Small and overlooked: Phylogeny of the genus Trigonodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae), with the first record of Trigonodactylus arabicus from Jordan

Geckos of the genus Trigonodactylus are widely distributed in the sand deserts of the Arabian Peninsula. Three species of this genus are currently recognized, with a fourth one, Stenodactylus pulcher, which placement within Trigonodactylus has been tentatively suggested, but not yet confirmed. We present a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Trigonodactylus with new specimens collected in central Saudi Arabia and southern Jordan. New genetic data has been generated from three mitochondrial markers to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of all species of the genus and to assess the putative generic assignment of S. pulcher. Our results confirm that S. pulcher indeed belongs within Trigonodactylus, branching as a sister lineage to all other species of the genus. The new samples cluster within Trigonodactylus arabicus, thus confirming the genetic homogeneity of the species across its large and seemingly inhospitable range. The new specimen collected in southern Jordan represents the first record for the country and a considerable range extension to the northwest from all previously reported localities. Our findings and discovery of a new species for Jordan highlight the need of more field surveys to be carried out in the underexplored parts of Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia, as these places still hold a potential for new discoveries and are crucial for understating the biogeography of the Arabian herpetofauna.