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31.
Jerzy K. Kulski Silvana Gaudieri Matthew Bellgard Lois Balmer Keith Giles Hidetoshi Inoko Roger L. Dawkins 《Journal of molecular evolution》1997,45(6):599-609
Sequence analysis of a 237 kb genomic fragment from the central region of the MHC has revealed that the HLA-B and HLA-C genes
are contained within duplicated segments peri-B (53 kb) and peri-C (48 kb), respectively, and separated by an intervening
sequence (IF) of 30 kb. The peri-B and peri-C segments share at least 90% sequence homology except when interrupted by insertions/deletions
including Alu, L1, an endogenous retrovirus, and pseudogenes. The sequences of peri-B, IF, and peri-C were searched for the
presence of Alu elements to use as markers of evolution, chromosomal rearrangements, and polymorphism. Of 29 Alu elements,
14 were identified in peri-B, 11 in peri-C, and 4 in IF. The Alu elements in peri-B and peri-C clustered phylogenetically
into two clades which were classified as ``preduplication' and ``postduplication' clades. Four Alu J elements that are shared
by peri-B and peri-C and are flanked by homologous sequences in their paralogous locations, respectively, clustered into a
``preduplication' clade. By contrast, the majority of Alu elements, which are unique to either peri-B or peri-C, clustered
into a postduplication clade together with the Alu consensus subfamily members ranging from platyrrhine-specific (Spqxcg)
to catarrhine-specific Alu sequences (Y). The insertion of platyrrhine-specific Alu elements in postduplication locations
of peri-B and peri-C implies that these two segments are the products of a duplication which occurred in primates prior to
the divergence of the New World primate from the human lineage (35–44 mya). Examination of the paralogous Alu integration
sites revealed that 9 of 14 postduplication Alu sequences have produced microsatellites of different length and sequence within
the Alu 3′-poly A tail. The present analysis supports the hypothesis that HLA-B and HLA-C genes are products of an extended
segmental duplication between 44 and 81 million years ago (mya), and that subsequent diversification of both genomic segments
occurred because of the mobility and mutation of retroelements such as Alu repeats.
Received: 21 May 1997 / Accepted: 9 July 1997 相似文献
32.
33.
Diversity concept in ecology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hierarchy of systems organization is used as a framework in advancing methodological guidelines for posing correct questions related to ecological diversity.Diversity if defined in general terms as a property of a set of elements dependent on and determines: by the epistemological perspective. Ontological diversity, because it is indefinite, is regarded as unmeasurable.Ecological diversity — be it species, spatial, reproductive or trophic, is a particular case of diversity of matter and must be precisely defined on the studied level of system organization.Diversity measurements combining more than one level of organization are information-void, for data become irretrievable as a result of such a treatment.Hypotheses explaining diversity sources are briefly surveyed. An integrated model interrelating them is constructed as a result of some basic views on the structure of matter coupled with the empirical knowledge of involved factors. The model reflects hierarchies of systems, their dynamics, and the complexities of factors affecting diversity. The model's properties suggest that it is conceptually related to an imaginary model of organization of ecological systems. Parameters recognized as invariant components of this complexity are: habitat differentiation, ecological specialization of species, ambiental changes, and integration of this system.Finally, it is shown that the peculiar shape of the species abundances curve is a necessary consequence of stratification of the system structure, which is an intrinsic attribute of hierarchical organization. 相似文献
34.
A chemiluminescent probe specific for singlet oxygen 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
G H Posner J R Lever K Miura C Lisek H H Seliger A Thompson 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1984,123(2):869-873
We have synthesized a methoxyvinylpyrene (MVP) in order to model the mechanism for the observed microsomal chemiluminescence of benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol, the proximate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene. This MVP analog has been found to be a highly efficient and specific chemiluminescent probe for picomole quantities of singlet oxygen and singlet oxygen equivalents, and it produces significant chemiluminescence when reacted with cytochrome P-450 enzymes. 相似文献
35.
Jerzy W. Jurka 《Journal of theoretical biology》1977,68(4):515-520
Some properties of transitions generated during an imprecise replication of nucleic acids are described here. A possible role of these transitions in the evolution of the genetic code with respect to the evolution of the tertiary structure of proteins is suggested. The data supporting this hypothesis are obtained from the analysis of certain regularities present in the genetic code and in the proportions of amino acid residues buried in the interior of globular proteins. 相似文献
36.
Ewa Stach-Chilf Jerzy B. Warchol Prof. Dr. Christoph Pilgrim 《Cell and tissue research》1981,219(2):417-423
Summary The neurohypophysis of donor mice was implanted under the renal capsule of the recipients. The pituicytes survived while the neurosecretory axons disappeared. The ultrastructure of the glial cells was observed seven and nine weeks after transplantation. There were no signs of phagocytotic activity although remnants of axons were still present at seven weeks. The numerous processes of the pituicytes form a network with intercellular spaces wide in younger and narrower in older implants. The cells are connected by desmosomes and gap junctions. Pituicytes as well as blood vessels preserve their organotypic appearance. The transplant thus represents an experimental model for investigations on pituicytes in vivo in the absence of neurosecretory axons.Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. On leave from Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biostructure, Academy of Medicine, Pozna, Poland 相似文献
37.
Summary The nervous system of the most primitive fresh-water Turbellaria of the order Catenulida was investigated. Neurosecretory
cells were found to occur in it. These cells have a structure similar to that of nerve cells, they only differ by the presence
of neurosecretion granules and a more developed golgi complex. In the simplest Catenulida,Stenostomun, neurosecretory granules are found both in the brain cells and in the trunks in the nerve fibres where they are rather randomly
distributed. Another representative of this family, the more highly organizedCatenula, exhibits specialized brain and nerve trunk regions containing neurosecretion granules.
This work was supported in part by the Committee on Cytobiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences 相似文献
38.
39.
Reconstruction and analysis of human alu genes 总被引:39,自引:0,他引:39
40.
Jerzy Jurka Jolanta Walichiewicz Aleksandar Milosavljevic 《Journal of molecular evolution》1992,35(4):286-291
Summary We report a collection of 53 prototypic sequences representing known families of repetitive elements from the human genome. The prototypic sequences are either consensus sequences or selected examples of repetitive sequences. The collection includes: prototypes for high and medium reiteration frequency interspersed repeats, long terminal repeats of endogenous retroviruses, alphoid repeats, telomere-associated repeats, and some miscellaneous repeats. The collection is annotated and available electronically.[/ap ]Offprint requests to: J. Jurka 相似文献