Characterization of lactobacilli isolated from caper berry fermentations

AIMS: To determine the metabolic and functional properties of lactobacilli isolated from caper fermentation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A collection of 58 lactobacilli from fermentation of caper berries (including species of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus fermentum) was studied. Strains were classified in different clusters according to sugar fermentation patterns. Most strains of L. plantarum (the predominant species in the fermentation) clustered in a single group. Analysis of enzymatic activities revealed a high incidence of leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase among the different strains of lactobacilli. A high number of strains were able to degrade raffinose and stachyose. Phytase activity and bile salt hydrolase activity were only detected in certain strains of L. plantarum. CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacilli from caper fermentation are metabolically diverse, and some strains display functional properties of interest. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Strains of lactobacilli with selected functional properties could be good candidates for future development of commercial starters for industrial caper fermentation.     

Radical Mediated Synthesis of 3′-α-C-Allenyl-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine as a Non-polar Analogue of AZT

Abstract

The synthesis of the novel modified nucleoside (1) exhibiting the 1,2-propadienyl [allenyl] group at the 3′-α- position is described. The 3′-C-C bond was formed by radical reaction between triphenylprop-2-ynylstannane (2) and the 3′-bromo(iodo)-2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside derivative (3).     

The unique ultrastructure of the uterus of the Gyrocotylidea Poche, 1926 (Cestoda) and its phylogenetic implications

The members of the order Gyrocotylidea are monozoic tapeworms and generally considered to be the most primitive group of the Cestoda in terms of the evolution of this platyhelminth class. As part of a series of ultrastructural studies on Gyrocotyle urna (Wagener, 1852), three regions of the uterus were distinguished. The proximal region of the uterus is characterised by underlying perikarya, the presence of septate junctions within the epithelial wall and two types of specialised outer coverings, lamellae and cilia. The middle, syncytial region of the uterus is covered by short lamellae and marked by a concentration of sunken glandular perikarya (uterine glands). Glandular spheroidal granules (c.0.45 μm in diameter) of moderately dense content and a fine fibrillar texture are liberated by migration through the luminal membrane. The epithelium of the sac-shaped, distal region of the uterine duct is interrupted by cytoplasmic processes of sunken epithelial bodies, covered with lamellae and contains septate junctions. A muscular sphincter surrounds the narrow, terminal region of the distal uterine duct. The ultrastructural pattern of the uterus of the Gyrocotylidea has important discriminating traits (i.e. the presence of sunken perikarya along its entire length, septate junctions within the uterine epithelial cytoplasm of the proximal and distal regions, and cilia on the surface of its proximal region) unique among the Neodermata and which may represent autapomorphic character states for the group.