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911.
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J Zwang G Dorsey A Djimdé C Karema A Mårtensson JL Ndiaye SB Sirima P Olliaro 《Malaria journal》2012,11(1):260
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The widespread use of artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) for treating uncomplicated malaria makes it important to gather and analyse information on its tolerability. METHODS: An individual-patient tolerability analysis was conducted using data from eight randomized controlled clinical trials conducted at 17 sites in nine sub-Saharan countries comparing ASAQ to other anti-malarial treatments. All patients who received at least one dose of the study drug were included in the analysis. Differences in adverse event (AE) and treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) were analysed by Day 28. RESULTS: Of the 6,179 patients enrolled (74 % <5 years of age), 50 % (n = 3,113) received ASAQ, 20 % (n = 1,217) another ACT, and 30 % (n = 1,849) a non-ACT (combination or single-agent) treatment. Overall, 8,542 AEs were recorded. The proportion of patients experiencing at least one gastro-intestinal AE on ASAQ was 43 % (and higher than that with artemetherlumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine at two sites), and was 23 % for any other AEs (not different from other treatments). Specifically, the risk of diarrhoea, vomiting, cough and weakness was lower with artemether-lumefantrine; artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine carried a higher risk of pruritus, chloroquine-SP had a higher risk of nausea. Parasitological recurrence increased the risk of occurrence of any AE. No other difference was detected. Comparing AE to TEAE in patients who had pre-treatment occurrence and grades of intensity recorded, AEs were significantly more related to the pretreatment prevalence of the symptom (p = 0.001, Fisher test); AEs overestimated TEAEs by a factor ranging from none to five-fold. The overall incidence of serious AEs (SAEs) with ASAQ was nine per 1,000 (29/3,113) and mortality was one per 1,000 (three deaths, none drug-related); both were similar to other treatments. CONCLUSION: ASAQ was comparatively well-tolerated. Safety information is important, and must be collected and analysed in a standardized way. TEAEs are a more objective measure of treatment-induced toxicity. 相似文献
913.
Jean-Louis Imbach Gilles Gosselin Bernard Rayner 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2013,32(3-5)
Abstract Consequences of masking the phosphate functions of nucleic acid derivatives by enzyme labile bioreversible protecting groups are discussed. 相似文献
914.
The biology of the rhizophagous clearwing moth Chamaesphecia mysiniformis Rambur and its specificity to Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) (horehound), a serious introduced weed in southern Australia, were studied in France. Adults emerged in late spring during the morning and began mating on the same day, usually in the mid to late afternoon. Eggs were laid among flower clusters, with females laying an average of 96 2.41 (range, 1-268) with an overall hatch success of 79%. In no-choice, host-specificity tests, first instar larvae attacked only four species of Marrubium, along with Ballota nigra L. and Stachys arvensis L. This high level of specificity and the high mortality of the target plant in its native range make this moth a promising biological control agent of horehound in Australia. 相似文献
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Marie-Christine Delmas-Beauvieux Jean-Louis Gallis Michel Clerc Paul Canioni 《Cryobiology》1993,30(6)
The efficiency of a preservation medium, histidine-buffered lactobionate solution (HBLS), was determined by measuring post-ischemic recoveries of ATP and intracellular pH under Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) perfusion. We used NMR spectroscopy to study the effect of 24-h cold ischemia, followed by 4°C then 37°C reperfusion on the isolated rat liver. Three media were compared: University of Wisconsin solution (UW-lactobionate); Bretschneider's solution (HTK); HBLS and HBLS supplemented with 2 mM Gly and 2 mM Cys (HBLSg2) or with 10 mM Gly and 2 mM Cys (HBLSg10). All values were compared to control values measured during pre-ischemic cold perfusion with KHB (ATP = 8.60 ± 0.6 μmol/g of dry weigh and pHin = 7.41 ± 0.05). The main result from 31p NMR data concerned ATP recovery during cold reperfusion, which was significantly higher in the HBLS group (112 ± 10%) as compared to the UW and HTK groups (around 66%). The presence of glycine decreased ATP recovery (88 ± 8% in HBLSg2, 79 ± 15% in HBLSg10). Higher values of recovered pHin were observed in livers stored in histidine buffered solutions (around 7.30) as compared to UW (around 7.20); histidine was by 13C NMR proved to accumulate in the liver cells, thus ensuring a good buffering capacity. The thermal transition induced a decrease in both ATP level and pHin in all groups. This might be the result of a stimulation of the carbohydrate metabolism (as demonstrated by 13C NMR) especially when glycine was present in the storage solution. 相似文献
917.
Jean-Louis Milan Josep A. Planell Damien Lacroix 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2010,9(5):583-596
A computational model of mechanoregulation is proposed to predict bone tissue formation stimulated mechanically by overall
dynamical compression within a porous polymeric scaffold rendered by micro-CT. Dynamic compressions of 0.5–5% at 0.0025–0.025
s−1 were simulated. A force-controlled dynamic compression was also performed by imposing a ramp of force from 1 to 70 N. The
model predicts homogeneous mature bone tissue formation under strain levels of 0.5–1% at strain rates of 0.0025–0.005 s−1. Under higher levels of strain and strain rates, the scaffold shows heterogeneous mechanical behaviour which leads to the
formation of a heterogeneous tissue with a mixture of mature bone and fibrous tissue. A fibrous tissue layer was also predicted
under the force-controlled dynamic compression, although the same force magnitude was found promoting only mature bone during
a strain-controlled compression. The model shows that the mechanical stimulation of bone tissue formation within a porous
scaffold closely depends on the loading history and on the mechanical behaviour of the scaffold at local and global scales. 相似文献
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