全文获取类型
收费全文 | 379篇 |
免费 | 28篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 28篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 20篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有407条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
51.
Nicolas Brucato Veronica Fernandes Stéphane Mazières Pradiptajati Kusuma Murray P. Cox Joseph Wainaina Ng’ang’a Mohammed Omar Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle Coralie Frassati Farida Alshamali Bertrand Fin Anne Boland Jean-Francois Deleuze Mark Stoneking Alexander Adelaar Alison Crowther Nicole Boivin Luisa Pereira François-Xavier Ricaut 《American journal of human genetics》2018,102(1):58-68
52.
53.
G Schares J F Dubremetz J P Dubey A B?rwald A Loyens F J Conraths 《Experimental parasitology》1999,92(2):109-119
Neospora caninum, a coccidian parasite closely related to Toxoplasma gondii, can infect a broad host range and is regarded as an important cause of bovine abortion worldwide. In the present study, four antigens of N. caninum were partially characterized using monoclonal antibodies. Immunofluorescence of viable tachyzoites as well as the immunoprecipitation of antigens extracted from tachyzoites previously labeled by surface biotinylation revealed that three of these antigens with apparent molecular weights of 40, 38, and 19 kDa are located in the outer surface membrane of this parasite stage. Further evidence for the surface localization of the 38-kDa antigen was obtained by immunoelectron microscopy. In addition to the surface molecules, an antigen located in dense granules and in the tubular network of the parasitophorous vacuole was detected by another monoclonal antibody. When tachyzoite antigens separated under nonreducing conditions were probed on Western blots, this antibody reacted mainly with a 33-kDa antigen. Immunohistochemical analysis of infected tissue sections indicated that the 33-kDa dense granule antigen is present in both tachyzoites and bradyzoites, while the 38-kDa surface antigen from tachyzoites seems to be absent in bradyzoites. 相似文献
54.
Hoset Katrine S.; Galliard Jean-Francois Le; Gundersen Gry; Steen Harald 《Behavioral ecology》2008,19(1):139-145
In small mammals living in highly seasonal environments, observationalstudies show that female home range size and exclusiveness aresmaller in the nonbreeding winter season than in the breedingsummer season. This has led to the notion that nonbreeding femalesare more social and decrease territorial behavior during winter.However, because territoriality decreases with increasing populationdensity, and density normally increases during the breedingseason, the effects of density and season on social structureare usually confounded. To find out which of the 2 factors explainsspace use, we experimentally established 3 high-density and3 low-density root vole (Microtus oeconomus) populations inlate spring and monitored the populations into the nonbreedingwinter season. Population sizes were controlled throughout thebreeding period to minimize seasonal variation in density. Homerange sizes were larger in founder females than in field-bornfemales but did not change with season or density. Area exclusivelyused by individual females was lower in winter than summer,and founder females decreased exclusiveness as density increased.We argue that this seasonal pattern of space use might be causedby variation in benefits of group living, whereas founder femalesalso responded to density-dependent competition by reducingarea exclusively used. 相似文献
55.
Gendrin C Mercier C Braun L Musset K Dubremetz JF Cesbron-Delauw MF 《Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)》2008,9(10):1665-1680
A critical step in infection by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is the formation of a membrane-bound compartment within which the parasite proliferates. This process relies on a set of secretory organelles that discharge their contents into the host cell upon invasion. Among these organelles, the dense granules are specialized in the export of transmembrane (TM) GRA proteins, which are major components of the mature parasitophorous vacuole (PV) membrane. How eukaryotic pathogens export and sort membrane-bound proteins destined for the host cell is still poorly understood at the mechanistic level. In this study, we show that soluble trafficking of the PV-targeted GRA5 TM protein is parasite specific: when expressed in mammalian cells, GRA5 is targeted to the plasma membrane and behaves as an integral membrane protein with a type I toplogy. We also demonstrate the dual role of the GRA5 N-terminal ectodomain, which is sufficient to prevent membrane integration within the parasite and is essential for both sorting and post-secretory membrane insertion into the vacuolar membrane. These results contrast with the general rule that states that information contained within the cytoplasmic tail and/or the TM domain of integral membrane proteins dictates their cellular localization. They also highlight the diversity of sorting mechanisms that leads to the specialization of secretory processes uniquely adapted to intracellular parasitism. 相似文献
56.
Background
Tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) represents a morphogenetic transition of stolon growth to tuber formation, which is under complex environmental and endogenous regulation. In the present work, we studied the regulatory mechanisms and the role of different morphogenetic factors in a newly isolated potato mutant, which exhibited spontaneous tuberization (ST). The ST mutant was characterized in detail at morphological, physiological and biochemical levels. 相似文献57.
El Hajj H Papoin J Cérède O Garcia-Réguet N Soête M Dubremetz JF Lebrun M 《Eukaryotic cell》2008,7(6):1019-1028
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is equipped with a sophisticated secretory apparatus, including three distinct exocytic organelles, named micronemes, rhoptries, and dense granules. We have dissected the requirements for targeting the microneme protein MIC3, a key component of T. gondii infection. We have shown that MIC3 is processed in a post-Golgi compartment and that the MIC3 propeptide and epidermal growth factor (EGF) modules contain microneme-targeting information. The minimal requirement for microneme delivery is defined by the propeptide plus any one of the three EGF domains. We have demonstrated that the cleavage of the propeptide, the dimerization of MIC3, and the chitin binding-like sequence, which are crucial for host cell binding and virulence, are dispensable for proper targeting. Finally, we have shown that part of MIC3 is withheld in the secretory pathway in a cell cycle-dependent manner. 相似文献
58.
Translocation of DNA and protein fibers through narrow constrictions is a ubiquitous and crucial activity of bacterial cells. Bacteria use specialized machines to support macromolecular movement. A very important step toward a mechanistic understanding of these translocation machines is the characterization of their physical properties at the single molecule level. Recently, four bacterial transport processes have been characterized by nanomanipulation at the single molecule level, DNA translocation by FtsK and SpoIIIE, DNA import during transformation, and the related process of a type IV pilus retraction. With all four processes, the translocation rates, processivity, and stalling forces were remarkably high as compared with single molecule experiments with other molecular motors. Although substrates of all four processes proceed along a preferential direction of translocation, directionality has been shown to be controlled by distinct mechanisms. 相似文献
59.
Daniel Delille Emilien Pelletier Arturo Rodriguez-Blanco Jean-Francois Ghiglione 《Polar Biology》2009,32(10):1521-1528
In an attempt to evaluate the potential of petroleum bioremediation at high latitudes environments, microcosm studies using
Antarctic coastal seawater contaminated with diesel or crude oil were conducted in Kerguelen Archipelago (49°22′S, 70°12′E).
Microcosms were incubated at three different temperatures (4, 10 and 20°C). During experiments, changes observed in microbial
assemblages (total direct count, heterotrophic cultivable microorganisms and hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms) were generally
similar for all incubation temperatures, but chemical data showed only some slight changes in biodegradation indices [Σ(C12–C20)/Σ(C21–C32)
and C17/pristane]. The complete data set provided strong evidence of the presence of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria
in Antarctic seawater and their high potential for hydrocarbon bioremediation. The rate of oil degradation could be increased
by the addition of a commercial fertilizer, but water temperature had little effects on biodegradation efficiency which is
in conflict with the typical temperature-related assumption predicting 50% rate reduction when temperature is reduced by 10°C.
Global warming of Antarctic seawater should not increase significantly the rate of oil biodegradation in these remote regions. 相似文献
60.
Guignot F Baril G Dupont F Cognie Y Folch J Alabart JL Poulin N Beckers JF Bed'hom B Babilliot JM Mermillod P 《Molecular reproduction and development》2009,76(2):183-190
The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of genotype diagnosis after pre-amplification of DNA extracted from biopsies obtained by microblade cutting of ovine embryos and to evaluate the viability of biopsied embryos after vitrification/warming and transfer to recipients. Sex and PrP genotypes were determined. Sex diagnosis was done by PCR amplification of ZFX/ZFY and SRY sequences after PEP-PCR while PrP genotype determination was performed after specific pre-amplification of specific target including codons 136, 154 and 171. Embryos were collected at Day 7 after oestrus. Blastocysts and expanded blastocysts were biopsied immediately after collection whereas compacted morulae were biopsied after 24 hr of in vitro culture. Eighty-nine biopsied embryos were frozen by vitrification. Fresh and vitrified whole embryos were kept as control. DNA of biopsies was extracted and pre-amplified. Sex diagnosis was efficient for 96.6% of biopsies and PrP genotyping was determined in 95.8% of codons. After embryo transfer, no significant difference was observed in lambing rate between biopsied, vitrified control and fresh embryos (54.5%, 60% and 66.6%, respectively). Embryo survival rate was not different between biopsied and whole vitrified embryos (P = 0.38). At birth, 96.7% of diagnosed sex and 95.4% of predetermined codons were correct. Lamb PrP profiles were in agreement with parental genotype. PEP-PCR coupled with sex diagnosis and nested PCR coupled with PrP genotype predetermination are very accurate techniques to genotype ovine embryo before transfer. These original results allow planning of selection of resistant genotype to scrapie and sex of offspring before transfer of cryopreserved embryo. 相似文献