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51.
Christine Bonnal Christopher Leleu Olivier Brugière Christian Chochillon Raphael Porcher Pierre-Yves Boelle Jean Menotti Sandrine Houze Jean-Christophe Lucet Francis Derouin 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Background
Aspergillus colonisation is frequently reported after lung transplantation. The question of whether aspergillus colonisation is related to the hospital environment is crucial to prevention.Method
To elucidate this question, a prospective study of aspergillus colonisation after lung transplantation, along with a mycological survey of the patient environment, was performed.Results
Forty-four consecutive patients were included from the day of lung transplantation and then examined weekly for aspergillus colonisation until hospital discharge. Environmental fungal contamination of each patient was followed weekly via air and surface sampling. Twelve patients (27%) had transient aspergillus colonisation, occurring 1–13 weeks after lung transplantation, without associated manifestation of aspergillosis. Responsible Aspergillus species were A. fumigatus (6), A. niger (3), A. sydowii (1), A. calidoustus (1) and Aspergillus sp. (1). In the environment, contamination by Penicillium and Aspergillus was predominant. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between occurrence of aspergillus colonisation and fungal contamination of the patient’s room, either by Aspergillus spp. in the air or by A.fumigatus on the floor. Related clinical and environmental isolates were genotyped in 9 cases of aspergillus colonisation. For A. fumigatus (4 cases), two identical microsatellite profiles were found between clinical and environmental isolates collected on distant dates or locations. For other Aspergillus species, isolates were different in 2 cases; in 3 cases of aspergillus colonisation by A. sydowii, A. niger and A. calidoustus, similarity between clinical and environmental internal transcribed spacer and tubulin sequences was >99%.Conclusion
Taken together, these results support the hypothesis of environmental risk of hospital acquisition of aspergillus colonisation in lung transplant recipients. 相似文献52.
Associations between microbes and animals are ubiquitous and hosts may benefit from harbouring microbial communities through improved resource exploitation or resistance to environmental stress. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is the host of heritable bacterial symbionts, including the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola and several facultative symbionts. While obligate symbionts supply aphids with key nutrients, facultative symbionts influence their hosts in many ways such as protection against natural enemies, heat tolerance, color change and reproduction alteration. The pea aphid also encompasses multiple plant-specialized biotypes, each adapted to one or a few legume species. Facultative symbiont communities differ strongly between biotypes, although bacterial involvement in plant specialization is uncertain. Here, we analyse the diversity of bacterial communities associated with nine biotypes of the pea aphid complex using amplicon pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Combined clustering and phylogenetic analyses of 16S sequences allowed identifying 21 bacterial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Unit). More than 98% of the sequencing reads were assigned to known pea aphid symbionts. The presence of Wolbachia was confirmed in A. pisum while Erwinia and Pantoea, two gut associates, were detected in multiple samples. The diversity of bacterial communities harboured by pea aphid biotypes was very low, ranging from 3 to 11 OTUs across samples. Bacterial communities differed more between than within biotypes but this difference did not correlate with the genetic divergence between biotypes. Altogether, these results confirm that the aphid microbiota is dominated by a few heritable symbionts and that plant specialization is an important structuring factor of bacterial communities associated with the pea aphid complex. However, since we examined the microbiota of aphid samples kept a few generations in controlled conditions, it may be that bacterial diversity was underestimated due to the possible loss of environmental or transient taxa. 相似文献
53.
Pedro M. Meirelles Gilberto M. Amado-Filho Guilherme H. Pereira-Filho Hudson T. Pinheiro Rodrigo L. de Moura Jean-Christophe Joyeux Eric F. Mazzei Alex C. Bastos Robert A. Edwards Elizabeth Dinsdale Rodolfo Paranhos Eidy O. Santos Tetsuya Iida Kazuyoshi Gotoh Shota Nakamura Tomoo Sawabe Carlos E. Rezende Luiz M. R. Gadelha Jr Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho Cristiane Thompson Fabiano L. Thompson 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Seamounts are considered important sources of biodiversity and minerals. However, their biodiversity and health status are not well understood; therefore, potential conservation problems are unknown. The mesophotic reefs of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain (VTC) were investigated via benthic community and fish surveys, metagenomic and water chemistry analyses, and water microbial abundance estimations. The VTC is a mosaic of reef systems and includes fleshy algae dominated rhodolith beds, crustose coralline algae (CCA) reefs, and turf algae dominated rocky reefs of varying health levels. Macro-carnivores and larger fish presented higher biomass at the CCA reefs (4.4 kg per frame) than in the rhodolith beds and rocky reefs (0.0 to 0.1 kg per frame). A larger number of metagenomic sequences identified as primary producers (e.g., Chlorophyta and Streptophyta) were found at the CCA reefs. However, the rocky reefs contained more diseased corals (>90%) than the CCA reefs (~40%) and rhodolith beds (~10%). Metagenomic analyses indicated a heterotrophic and fast-growing microbiome in rocky reef corals that may possibly lead to unhealthy conditions possibly enhanced by environmental features (e.g. light stress and high loads of labile dissolved organic carbon). VTC mounts represent important hotspots of biodiversity that deserve further conservation actions. 相似文献
54.
Didier K. Ekouévi Véronique Avettand-Fèno?l Boris K. Tchounga Patrick A. Coffie Adrien Sawadogo Daouda Minta Albert Minga Serge P. Eholie Jean-Christophe Plantier Florence Damond Fran?ois Dabis Christine Rouzioux IeDEA West Africa collaboration 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Background
Plasma HIV-1 RNA monitoring is one of the standard tests for the management of HIV-1 infection. While HIV-1 RNA can be quantified using several commercial tests, no test has been commercialized for HIV-2 RNA quantification. We studied the relationship between plasma HIV-2 viral load (VL) and CD4 count in West African patients who were either receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) or treatment-naïve.Method
A cross sectional survey was conducted among HIV-2-infected individuals followed in three countries in West Africa from March to December 2012. All HIV-2 infected-patients who attended one of the participating clinics were proposed a plasma HIV-2 viral load measurement. HIV-2 RNA was quantified using the new ultrasensitive in-house real-time PCR assay with a detection threshold of 10 copies/ mL (cps/mL).Results
A total of 351 HIV-2-infected individuals participated in this study, of whom 131 (37.3%) were treatment naïve and 220 (62.7%) had initiated ART. Among treatment-naïve patients, 60 (46.5%) had undetectable plasma HIV-2 viral load (<10 cps/mL), it was detectable between 10-100 cps/mL in 35.8%, between 100-1000 cps/mL in 11.7% and >1000 cps/mL in 6.0% of the patients. Most of the treatment-naïve patients (70.2%) had CD4-T cell count ≥500 cells/mm3 and 43 (46.7%) of these patients had a detectable VL (≥10 cps/mL). Among the 220 patients receiving ART, the median CD4-T cell count rose from 231 to 393 cells/mm3 (IQR [259-561]) after a median follow-up duration of 38 months and 145 (66.0%) patients had CD4-T cell count ≤ 500 cells/mm3 with a median viral load of 10 cps/mL (IQR [10-33]). Seventy five (34.0%) patients had CD4-T cell count ≥ 500 cells/mm3, among them 14 (18.7%) had a VL between 10-100 cps/mL and 2 (2.6%) had VL >100 cps/mL.Conclusion
This study suggests that the combination of CD4-T cell count and ultrasensitive HIV-2 viral load quantification with a threshold of 10 cps/mL, could improve ART initiation among treatment naïve HIV-2-infected patients and the monitoring of ART response among patients receiving treatment. 相似文献55.
Jean-Christophe Pignon Chiara Grisanzio Ingrid Carvo Lillian Werner Meredith Regan E. Lynette Wilson Sabina Signoretti 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
There is evidence that stem cells and their progeny play a role in the development of the prostate. Although stem cells are also considered to give rise to differentiated progeny in the adult prostate epithelium ex vivo, the cohort of adult prostate stem cells in vivo as well as the mechanisms by which the adult prostate epithelium is maintained and regenerated remain highly controversial. We have attempted to resolve this conundrum by performing in vivo tracing of serially replicating cells after the sequential administration of two thymidine analogues to mice. Our results show that, during normal prostate homeostasis, sequentially proliferating cells are detected at a rate that is consistent with a stochastic process. These findings indicate that in vivo, under steady-state conditions, most adult prostate epithelial cells do not represent the progeny of a small number of specialized progenitors that generate sequentially replicating transit-amplifying (TA) cells but are formed by stochastic cell division. Similarly, no rapidly cycling TA cells were detected during regeneration following one cycle of androgen-mediated involution/regeneration of the prostate epithelium. These findings greatly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms regulating prostate epithelial cell renewal and may have significant implications in defining the cell of origin of proliferative prostatic diseases. 相似文献
56.
Alexander W. Pfaff Alejandra de-la-Torre Elise Rochet Julie Brunet Marcela Sabou Arnaud Sauer Tristan Bourcier Jorge E. Gomez-Marin Ermanno Candolfi 《International journal for parasitology》2014
Retinal lesions or other ocular manifestations are serious consequences of infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Whilst classically considered a consequence of congenital transmission, recent screening studies estimated that 2% of T. gondii seropositive persons in Europe and North America have retinal lesions, most of them persisting unnoticed. The situation is more dramatic in South America, probably due to the predominance of virulent strains. Some of these strains seem to exhibit ocular or neuronal tropism and are responsible for severe ocular lesions. Despite the medical importance, the physiopathological mechanisms have only recently begun to be elucidated. The particular immune-privileged situation in the eye has to be considered. Studies on French patients showed low or undetectable ocular parasite loads, but a clear Th1/Th17 type immune reaction. Suitable mouse models have appeared in the last few years. Using such a model, IL-17A proved to impair parasite control and induce pathology. In contrast, in South American patients, the parasite seems to be much less efficiently controlled through a Th2 type or suppressive immune response that favors parasite replication. Finally, several host genetic markers controlling immune response factors have been associated with ocular involvement of T. gondii infection, mainly in South America. 相似文献
57.
Fran?ois Roudier Lionel Gissot Frédéric Beaudoin Richard Haslam Louise Michaelson Jessica Marion Diana Molino Amparo Lima Liên Bach Halima Morin Frédérique Tellier Jean-Christophe Palauqui Yannick Bellec Charlotte Renne Martine Miquel Marco DaCosta Julien Vignard Christine Rochat Jonathan E. Markham Patrick Moreau Johnathan Napier Jean-Denis Faure 《The Plant cell》2010,22(2):364-375
Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are essential for many aspects of plant development and necessary for the synthesis of seed storage triacylglycerols, epicuticular waxes, and sphingolipids. Identification of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase PASTICCINO3 and the 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydratase PASTICCINO2 revealed that VLCFAs are important for cell proliferation and tissue patterning. Here, we show that the immunophilin PASTICCINO1 (PAS1) is also required for VLCFA synthesis. Impairment of PAS1 function results in reduction of VLCFA levels that particularly affects the composition of sphingolipids, known to be important for cell polarity in animals. Moreover, PAS1 associates with several enzymes of the VLCFA elongase complex in the endoplasmic reticulum. The pas1 mutants are deficient in lateral root formation and are characterized by an abnormal patterning of the embryo apex, which leads to defective cotyledon organogenesis. Our data indicate that in both tissues, defective organogenesis is associated with the mistargeting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN FORMED1 in specific cells, resulting in local alteration of polar auxin distribution. Furthermore, we show that exogenous VLCFAs rescue lateral root organogenesis and polar auxin distribution, indicating their direct involvement in these processes. Based on these data, we propose that PAS1 acts as a molecular scaffold for the fatty acid elongase complex in the endoplasmic reticulum and that the resulting VLCFAs are required for polar auxin transport and tissue patterning during plant development. 相似文献
58.
Jean Peccoud Jean-Christophe Simon Carol von Dohlen Armelle Coeur d’acier Manuel Plantegenest Flavie Vanlerberghe-Masutti Emmanuelle Jousselin 《Comptes rendus biologies》2010,333(6-7):474-487
Aphids are intimately linked with their host plants that constitute their only food resource and habitat, and thus impose considerable selective pressure on their evolution. It is therefore commonly assumed that host plants have greatly influenced the diversification of aphids. Here, we review what is known about the role of host plant association on aphid speciation by examining both macroevolutionary and population-level studies. Phylogenetic studies conducted at different taxonomic levels show that, as in many phytophagous insect groups, the radiation of angiosperms has probably favoured the major Tertiary diversification of aphids. These studies also highlight many aphid lineages constrained to sets of related host plants, suggesting strong evolutionary commitment in aphids’ host plant choice, but they fail to document cospeciation events between aphid and host lineages. Instead, phylogenies of several aphid genera reveal that divergence events are often accompanied by host shifts, and suggest, without constituting a formal demonstration, that aphid speciation could be a consequence of adaptation to new hosts. Experimental and field studies below the species level support reproductive isolation between host races as partly due to divergent selection by their host plants. Selected traits are mainly feeding performances and life cycle adaptations to plant phenology. Combined with behavioural preference for favourable host species, these divergent adaptations can induce pre- and post-zygotic barriers between host-specialized aphid populations. However, the hypothesis of host-driven speciation is seldom tested formally and must be weighed against overlooked explanations involving geographic isolation and non-ecological reproductive barriers in the process of speciation. 相似文献
59.
Yakhya Dieye Virginie Oxaran Florence Ledue-Clier Walid Alkhalaf Girbe Buist Vincent Juillard Chang Won Lee Jean-Christophe Piard 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2010,76(21):7332-7337
Lactococcus lactis IL1403 harbors a putative sortase A (SrtA) and 11 putative sortase substrates that carry the canonical LPXTG signature of such substrates. We report here on the functionality of SrtA to anchor five LPXTG substrates to the cell wall, thus suggesting that SrtA is the housekeeping sortase in L. lactis IL1403.The GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has catalyzed a myriad of promising applications using these bacteria as a vehicle for in situ delivery of bioactive proteins such as antigens or digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of the human host (4, 26). In the context of therapeutic applications of LAB, a major fundamental goal is to determine whether they can be engineered to deliver bioactive proteins to the right bacterial and host locations. We previously designed a protein-targeting system in LAB that addressed proteins to the desired bacterial site (i.e., cytoplasm, cell wall, or external medium), as validated using a model protein reporter and various antigens (14, 15). Studies investigating the use of LAB as vaccine delivery vehicles suggested that the cell-wall-anchored protein form may possess superior ability to induce a strong immune response (3, 14). Among the various surface display systems described in Gram-positive bacteria (13), a dedicated surface protein anchoring system catalyzed by sortases was first described and characterized in Staphylococcus aureus (29). It covalently anchors proteins via their C-terminal cell wall anchor (CWA) domain to the bacterial peptidoglycan. SrtA-like sortases process proteins bearing an LPXTG C-terminal motif and are considered to be the housekeeping sortase that anchors most proteins harboring a sorting signal (32). Other sortases were subsequently shown to anchor proteins bearing the same or other motifs (11, 16).Surprisingly, while the roles of sortases and LPXTG proteins are well documented in pathogens, few reports have examined these functions in other bacteria. A report suggests a relationship between sortase activity and adhesion of the LAB Lactobacillus salivarius, although direct involvement of sortase was not demonstrated (47). Recently, sortase activity was correlated to assembly of pili and adhesion properties in Lactobacillus rhamnosus (21). To further characterize sortase in LAB, we chose an industrially important member of this bacterial group, Lactococcus lactis, to study sortase A functionality in anchoring its putative substrates on the cell wall. 相似文献
60.
Jean-Christophe Ianotto Adrian Tempescul Jean-Richard Eveillard Norbert André Frederic Morel Isabelle Quintin-Roué Christian Berthou 《Journal of hematology & oncology》2010,3(1):1-2
We report a case of a 48-year-old Chinese female with end-stage renal disease and chronic anemia on hemodialysis. Clonazepam was prescribed for myoclonus disorder two weeks prior to her hospitalization. Subsequently, she was hospitalized for neutropenic fever with thrombocytopenia and worsening anemia. Bone marrow examination demonstrated a markedly hypocellular marrow (10-20% total cellularity). Clonazepam was discontinued, with gradual improvement of thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia in 1-2 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pancytopenia associated with clonazepam. We recommend patients taking clonazepam to be monitored with regular complete blood count to check for clinically significant pancytopenia or thrombocytopenia. 相似文献