Sugar ring isomerization in C-arabinosylflavones

6-C-α-l-Arabinopyranosyl- and furanosylacacetins have been synthesized. They are isomerized by short acid treatment to give a mixture of the four anomer/ring size combinations without any Wessely-Moser isomerization. In the same conditions molludistin (8-C-α-l-arabinopyranosylgenkwanin) led only to a mixture of molludistin and 8-C-α-l-arabinofuranosylgenkwanin. This is the first demonstration of ring sugar isomerization in C-glycosylflavones. In usual solvent systems, α-anomers are easily separated from β-anomers, whereas corresponding pyranosyl and furanosyl anomers are not. However, they are easily separated after permethylation and characteristic features are found in the mass spectra of PM 6-C-arabinofuranosyl isomers.     

Restriction map of Tn7

Tn7, a transposon of 14 kb, encodes resistance to trimethoprim (Tp) and streptomycin (Sm). A cleavage site map of this transposon for twenty-two different restriction enzymes as determined by comparison of restriction enzyme cleavage patterns of the plasmids ColE1 and ColE1::Tn7 is presented. The precise localization of these sites was facilitated by the use of two deletion derivatives of ColE1::Tn7: pGB2 and ColE1::Tn7Δ6, and by the use of pOB14 and pOB15 which contain a part of Tn7 cloned into the plasmid pBR322. This map should aid in the study of the structural and genetic organization of this transposon.     

Chromosome studies in some members of the family Caviidae (Mammalia: Rodentia)

A study of the chromosomes of Cavia aperea and Galea musteloides has been made following the introduction into captivity of these two cavies from Argentina. The evolutionary relationships of the two genera have been considered, and the possible ancestry of C. porcellus from C. aperea was investigated in hybrids of the two species.     

Comparison of the localization of nucleic acid synthesis during bud formation on leaf fragments and on intact undetached leaves ofBegonia rex Putz.

The budding capacity ofBegonia rex leaf fragments is well known; that of undetached leaves has been shown by us only recently after treating the leaves with 6γγ DMAAP. Benzyladenine is as effective as 6γγ DMAAP in stimulating budding. Lower temperatures (17°, 22–12°, 12°) are also capable of inducing bud formation but only after a small cut has been made in a main vein of the undetached leaf. Root formation can also be provoked on undetached leaves which have a cut in the main leaf vein by higher temperatures (24–22°) or by an IAA treatment. Differences in the first stages of bud formation on leaf fragments and on undetached leaves are observed using histochemical and histoautoradiographic techniques.     

Incompatibility in Podospora anserina: Comparative Properties of the Antagonistic Cytoplasmic Factors of a Nonallelic System

In the fungus Podospora anserina, the interaction between the nonallelic incompatible R and V genes has two consequences: a lytic reaction due to the synthesis of specific proteolytic enzymes, and a quenching in protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis. The incompatibility reaction when vegetative or sexual R and V cells fuse is asymmetric: it is induced only in the R protoplasm. The cessation in ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis was investigated in heterokaryotic strains carrying the antagonistic R and V genes and their "neutral" r and v alleles. Asymmetry between R and V genes lies in the fact that the strains homozygous for the R genes are the only strains that cannot grow. From these results it is postulated that the V-gene product is a diffusible cytoplasmic factor and that the R-gene product, which is nonautonomous, is a ribosomal component.     

Isolation and Characterization of Rifampin-Resistant and Streptolydigin-Resistant Mutants of Bacillus subtilis with Altered Sporulation Properties

Mutants of Bacillus subtilis with altered deoxyribonucleic-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase activity have been isolated and characterized. These mutants, selected as strains resistant to rifampin or streptolydigin, demonstrate drug-resistant in vitro ribonucleic acid synthesis. Sporeforming ability and support of phage infection are altered in many of the mutants. Mutations to rifampin and streptolydigin resistance have been located on the B. subtilis chromosome and ordered relative to the markers cysA14 and str.     

The Distribution of Crossovers along Unreplicated Lambda Bacteriophage Chromosomes

The distribution of crossovers along unreplicated chromosomes of bacteriophage lambda has been examined by determining the density distributions and genotypes of particles in the progenies of crosses of density-labeled by ordinary parents in the presence of genetic blocks to replication. The Red and Rec systems combined produce crossovers primarily near the ends (especially the right end) of the chromosome. Removal of the generalized lambda recombination functions by red and gam mutations results in loss of these terminal crossovers; coupled with this loss is a disappearance of the differential dependence of recombination frequencies in terminal and central intervals on DNA synthesis. Removal of the bacterial system by a recA mutation results in severe depression of crossing over among unreplicated phage, with the few recombinants produced by the lambda system occurring near the right end.