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121.
Radiometric assay for carboxypeptidase H (EC 3.4.17.10) and other carboxypeptidase B-like enzymes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Carboxypeptidase H, EC 3.4.17.10, also known as enkephalin convertase, carboxypeptidase E, and crino carboxypeptidase B, is an important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of bioactive peptides. To assay the enzyme, tissues are homogenized in at least 20 vol (ml/g) of 0.025 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8, with 5 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin. After centrifugation, the supernatant is brought to pH 5.6 and centrifuged again. Following a 20-min preincubation in 2 mM CoCl2, the supernatant is incubated with 0.1 mM (final concentration) of the radioactive substrate [3H]benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Arg. The 100-microliters assay is stopped by the addition of 680 microliters of acetonitrile/0.25 M HCl (0.7/1). The 1.5-ml tube is transferred into a scintillation vial and is flushed with 4 ml of Econofluor, a water-immiscible scintillation fluid. The product, [3H]benzoyl-Phe-Ala, recovered in the organic phase, is counted directly with no interference from the substrate remaining in the aqueous phase. The blank is below 1%. Expressed in nanomoles per minute per milligram of tissue, the activity of the soluble enzyme in rat is 0.34 for striatum, 21.0 for pancreatic islet, 16.6 for anterior pituitary, 46.0 for intermediate pituitary, and 10.9 for neural pituitary. In every case 25 microM guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid, an active site-directed inhibitor of carboxypeptidase H, completely inhibits the activity. 相似文献
122.
Nicole Basset-Séguin Jean Francois Culard Cécile Kerai Fredéric Bernard Annette Watrin Jacques Demaille Jean Jacques Guilhou 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1990,44(3):232-238
Human skin is a unique organ, which can be reconstituted in vitro and represents an interesting system for studying cell proliferation and differentiation. A simple technique for producing reconstituted skin with optimal epidermal differentiation is described and characterized. A 4-mm punch biopsy of normal human skin is deposited on the epidermal side of mortified de-epidermized human dermis maintained at the air-liquid interface with a metallic support. The culture medium contains insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), cholera toxin, hydrocortisone, penicillin/streptomycin and fungizone. A well-differentiated epidermis develops within 15 days. Morphological and ultrastructural studies show a neoepidermis resembling normal skin. Differentiation markers such as involucrin, filaggrin, and various cytokeratins detected with pancytokeratin antibody are present and confirm this resemblance. The keratin profile is comparable to that observed in other skin culture models. A basement-membrane-like structure is reconstituted with hemidesmosomes and anchoring-filament formation. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigen is observed at the dermo-epidermal junction after 21 days of culture. Moreover, both dermal substrates and punch biopsies can be kept frozen for long-term storage, with little or no loss of epidermal growth kinetics and morphology. This skin culture technique is rapid, simple, economical and reproducible. Characterization has here shown high-quality epidermal differentiation. Scientists interested in epidermal in vitro studies should take interest in all these advantages. 相似文献
123.
Philippe Frachet Georges Uzan Dominique Thevenon Eric Denarier Marie Hélène Prandini Gérard Marguerie 《Molecular biology reports》1990,14(1):27-33
Platelet GPIIbIIIa is only synthesized in megakaryocyte or in cell lines with megakaryocytic features. The sequence for GPIIb and GPIIIa have recently been derived from cDNAs obtained from HEL cells. The sequence of these proteins produced by the megakaryocyte, has however, not been determined yet. This study describes full length cDNAs for GPIIb and GPIIIa isolated from megakaryocyte cDNA libraries. The cDNA sequences indicate the presence of nucleotide differences, between the sequence of the GPIIIa cDNAs from HEL cells, endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. One difference was also observed between HEL and megakaryocyte GPIIb at position 633 where a cystein in the megakaryocyte GPIIb, is replaced by a serine in the HEL sequence. The mRNA species for GPIIb (3.4kb) and GPIIIa (6.1 kb) were of the same size in HEL cells and human megakaryocytes. 相似文献
124.
Rosalita M Smagula Herman Van Halbeek Jean M Decker Andrew V Muchmore Charles E Moody Anne P Sherblom 《Glycoconjugate journal》1990,7(6):609-624
The urinary glycoprotein uromodulin (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) exhibits a pregnancy-associated ability to inhibit antigen-specific T cell proliferation, and the activity is associated with a carbohydrate moiety [Muchmore and Decker (1985) Science 229:479–81; Hessionet al., (1987) Science 237:1479–84; Muchmore, Shifrin and Decker (1987) J Immunol 138:2547–53]. We report here that the Man6(7)GlcNAc2-R glycopeptides derived from uromodulin inhibit antigen-specific T cell proliferation by 50% at 0.2–2 M, and further studies, reported elsewhere, confirm that oligomannose glycopeptides from other sources are also inhibitory, with Man9GlcNAc2-R the most inhibitory of those tested [Muchmoreet al., J Leukocyte Biol (in press)]. In this work, we have extended the observation of pregnancy-associated inhibitory activity to a second species, and have compared the oligomannose profile of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (nonpregnant) with that of uromodulin (pregnant) derived from both human and bovine sources. Surprisingly, there was a pregnancy-associated decrease in the total content of oligomannose chains due predominantly to a reduction in Man5GlcNAc2-R and Man6GlcNAc2-R. Man7GlcNAc2-R, which did not decrease with pregnancy, comprised a significantly greater proportion of the total oligomannose chains in pregnant vs. nonpregnant samples from both species (human; 34.6% vs. 25.9%: bovine; 14.4% vs. 7.2%). 相似文献
125.
The Goodwin and Trainor model of pattern generation in calcium-regulated strain fields is studied in the case where calcium input and calcium output processes are involved. It is shown that the properties of the original model may still remain provided that the input-output processes are not unstable. In this last case, despite the eventual stabilizing effect of the calcium exchange term, perturbations of the generalized system can grow and lead to inhomogeneous solutions. Applications to cell differentiation and cell growth are discussed. 相似文献
126.
V. Molitor M. Trnka W. Erber I. Steffan M. -E. Rivière B. Arrio H. Springer-Lederer G. A. Peschek 《Archives of microbiology》1990,154(2):112-119
During adaptation of photoautotrophically growing fresh water cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans to high salinity the cells showed a pronounced increase of proton-sodium antiporter activity, and of cytochrome c oxidase in isolated and purified plasma membrane. At the same time the concentrations of plasma membrane-bound EDTA-resistant copper and iron (determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry) rose proportionately, accompanied by an increase in whole cell respiration. In plasma membranes from salt adapted cells lipid/protein ratios were markedly higher than in control cells, levels of esterified saturated and long-chain fatty acids being significantly higher than the respective levels of unsaturated and short-chain fatty acids which explains the higher lipid-phase transition temperatures derived from Arrhenius plots. Immunoblotting of the membrane proteins with antisera raised against the cytochrome c oxidases from Paracoccus denitrificans and A. nidulans gave two cross-reacting bands with apparent molecular weights around 50000 and 30000 (subunits I and II, respectively) which were more pronounced in plasma membranes from salt adapted cells when compared to control cells. The protein pattern of plasma membranes from salt adapted cells also showed the appearance of bands at apparent molecular weights of 44000–48000 and 54000–56000 which might stem from the proton/sodium-antiporter in this membrane.Abbreviations CM
cytoplasmic or plasma membrane
- ICM
intracytoplasmic or thylakoid membrane
- cyt
cytochrome
- DCCD
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- Hepes
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonate
- ICP-AES
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- EPR
electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry 相似文献
127.
128.
Martin Poot Julia Koehler Peter S. Rabinovitch Holger Hoehn Jean H. Priest 《Human genetics》1990,84(3):258-262
Summary BrdU-Hoechst flow cytometry was used to investigate the effects of DNA hypomethylation, induced by treatment with 5-azacytidine (5AC), on cell proliferation. When human fibroblast-like cells derived from skin and amniotic fluid were exposed to 5AC during three successive cell cycles, their clone-forming ability was diminished after removal of the drug. Treated cells were rendered quiescent by culture with low serum in the absence of the drug. Upon serum stimulation, they showed a diminished fraction of proliferating cells, which exhibited a prolonged transit through the S and G2 phase of the cell cycle, and a permanent arrest within the G2 compartment. This pattern of disturbed cell proliferation may in part explain the changes in replication banding pattern reported in the literature. Cytogenetic analysis of 5AC-treated cells revealed numerous endomitoses and tetraploid metaphases indicating a disturbed chromosome cycle in association with these cell kinetic perturbations. 相似文献
129.
Jacquelyn A. Hank Gilda Weil-Hillman Jean E. Surfus Jeffrey A. Sosman Paul M. Sondel 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1990,31(1):53-59
Summary Thein vivo administration of repetitive weekly cycles of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to patients with cancer enhances the ability of freshly obtained peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to lyse both the natural-killer(NK)-susceptible K562 and the NK-resistant Daudi targets. Lysis of both targets is significantly augmented by inclusion of IL-2 in the medium during the cytotoxicity assay. This boost is much greater for cells obtained following thein vivo IL-2 therapy than for cells obtained prior to the initiation of therapy or for cells from healthy control donors. In addition to direct lytic activity, the PBL obtained followingin vivo IL-2 show a rapid increase in lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity with more prolongedin vitro IL-2 exposure, indicating that LAK effectors primedin vivo respond with secondary-like kinetics to subsequent IL-2in vitro. Lymphocytes from healthy control individuals, cultured in IL-2 under conditions attempting to simulate thein vivo IL-2 exposure, function similarly to PBL obtained from patients following IL-2, in that low-level LAK activity was significantly boosted by inclusion of IL-2 during the cytotoxic assay and the cells also responded with secondary-like kinetics to subsequent IL-2in vitro. The augmentation of the LAK effect was also dependent on the dose of IL-2 added during the 4-h51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay, with higher doses of IL-2 having a more pronounced effect. While continuous infusion of IL-2 induces a greater cytotoxic potential per milliliter of blood obtained from patients, the peak serum IL-2 levels attained are greater with bolus IL-2 infusions. These pharmacokinetic results, together with the IL-2 dose dependence of LAK activity generatedin vivo shown in this report, suggest that a combination of treatment with bolus IL-2 infusions superimposed on continuous IL-2 infusion may transiently expose IL-2 dependent LAK cells, activatedin vivo, to higher concentrations of IL-2, facilitating theirin vivo cytotoxic potential.This work was supported by NIH contract NO1 CM-47669-02, NIH grants CA-32685, RR-031086, NO1 CM-47669-03, and American Cancer Society grant CH-237 相似文献
130.
Cystic fibrosis typing with DNA probes and screening for ΔF508 deletion in families from Southern France 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Mireille Claustres Marie Desgeorges Paule Kjellherg Hélène Bellet Jacques Demaille Michelle Ramsay 《Human genetics》1990,85(4):398-399
Summary A sample of 235 individuals from 49 French cystic fibrosis (CF) families with at least one living affected child was typed
with probes for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) known to be linked to the CF gene, and was screened for
the ΔF508 mutation. Using a combination of six probes, 44 out of the 49 families were sufficiently informative to enable prenatal
diagnosis or carrier determination. As in many other populations, linkage disequilibrium was found between the CF locus and
the haplotype B (XV2c: allele 1; KM19: allele 2), which accounts for about 78% of CF chromosomes in our families. The ΔF508
deletion was present in 64.3% of CF chromosomes. 相似文献