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51.
Amphiphilic and Nonamphiphilic Forms of Torpedo Cholinesterases: I. Solubility and Aggregation Properties 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
Suzanne Bon Jean-Pierre Toutant† Khaled Méflah † Jean Massoulié 《Journal of neurochemistry》1988,51(3):776-785
We report an analysis of the solubility and hydrophobic properties of the globular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) from various Torpedo tissues. We distinguish globular nonamphiphilic forms (Gna) from globular amphiphilic forms (Ga). The Ga forms bind micelles of detergent, as indicated by the following properties. They are converted by mild proteolysis into nonamphiphilic derivatives. Their Stokes radius in the presence of Triton X-100 is approximately 2 nm greater than that of their lytic derivatives. The G2a forms fall in two classes. Class I contains molecules that aggregate in the absence of detergent, when mixed with an AChE-depleted Triton X-100 extract from electric organ. AChE G2a forms from electric organs, nerves, skeletal muscle, and erythrocyte membranes correspond to this type, which is also detectable in detergent-soluble (DS) extracts of electric lobes and spinal cord. Class II forms never aggregate but only present a slight shift in sedimentation coefficient, in the presence or absence of detergent. This class contains the AChE G2a forms of plasma and of the low-salt-soluble (LSS) fractions from spinal cord and electric lobes. The heart possesses a BuChE G2a form of class II in LSS extracts, as well as a similar G1a form. G4a forms of AChE, which are solubilized only in the presence of detergent and aggregate in the absence of detergent, represent a large proportion of cholinesterase in DS extracts of nerves and spinal cord, together with a smaller component of G4a BuChE. These forms may be converted to nonamphiphilic derivatives by Pronase. Nonaggregating G4a forms exist at low levels in the plasma (BuChE) and in LSS extracts of nerves (BuChE) and spinal cord (AChE). 相似文献
52.
Roselyne Rousseaux-Prvost Ren-Pierre Engelhardt Jean Rousseaux Danile Wouters-Tyrou Pierre Sautire 《Molecular reproduction and development》1988,19(3):277-290
The changes in basic nuclear proteins throughout cuttle-fish spermiogenesis were investigated both by immunocytochemical procedures and by isolation of late spermatid nuclei (by virtue of their resistance to sonication). Antibodies were raised in rabbits to a protein, named protein T, isolated from testis chromatin. The anti-protein T immune serum was found to recognize protein T and not histones from the testis. Immunoperoxidase staining of sections or of smears of testis with anti-protein T antibodies showed that protein T appears in the nuclei of round spermatids, is abundant in elongating spermatid nuclei, but cannot be detected in elongated spermatids. Nuclei from these elongated spermatids were isolated by sonication treatment of testis cells. A protein, named protein Sp, with the characteristic mobility of a protamine, was isolated from elongated spermatid nuclei. This protein has the same mobility as the protamine present in mature spermatozoa. Taken together, the results indicate that in cuttle-fish, nuclear protein transitions involve the replacement of histones by a spermatid-specific protein (protein T), which is replaced at the end of elongation of the nucleus by a protamine (protein Sp). Thus, spermiogenesis of the cuttle-fish (and perhaps of other cephalopods), shows two basic nuclear protein transitions, which are similar to the transitions observed in higher vertebrates such as mammals. 相似文献
53.
Brain Cell Biology - Light and electron microscopy were used to investigate long-term regeneration in peripheral nerves regenerating across a 10 mm gap through silicone tubes. Schwann cells and... 相似文献
54.
Peter Hechtman Bernard Boulay Marc De Braekeleer Eve Andermann Serge Melançon Jean Larochelle Claude Prevost Feige Kaplan 《Human genetics》1992,90(4):402-406
Mutations at the hexosaminidase A (HEXA) gene which cause Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) have elevated frequency in the Ashkenazi Jewish and French-Canadian populations. We report a novel TSD allele in the French-Canadian population associated with the infantile form of the disease. The mutation, a GA transition at the +1 position of intron 7, abolishes the donor splice site. Cultured human fibroblasts from a compound heterozygote for this transition (and for a deletion mutation) produce no detectable HEXA mRNA. The intron 7+1 mutation occurs in the base adjacent to the site of the adult-onset TSD mutation (G805A). In both mutations a restriction site for the endonuclease EcoRII is abolished. Unambiguous diagnosis, therefore, requires allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization to distinguish between these two mutant alleles. The intron 7+1 mutation has been detected in three unrelated families. Obligate heterozygotes for the intron 7+1 mutation were born in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region of Quebec. The most recent ancestors common to obligate carriers of this mutation were from the Charlevoix region of the province of Quebec. This mutation thus has a different geographic centre of diffusion and is probably less common than the exon 1 deletion TSD mutation in French Canadians. Neither mutation has been detected in France, the ancestral homeland of French Canada. 相似文献
55.
Khalid M. Chraibi B Jean-Claude Castelle Alain Latche Jean-Paul Roustan Jean Fallot 《Plant cell reports》1992,10(12):617-620
We describe here a liquid culture system for the regeneration of shoots at high frequencies from mature cotyledon tissues of three genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) one of which had previously been found to be recalcitrant to regeneration when cotyledons were cultured on solid medium. Cotyledons were excised from 2-day-old seedlings and incubated in liquid Murashige and Skoog's modified medium supplemented with 5.4 M naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 4.4 M benzylaminopurine (BAP). After two weeks in culture, the whole upper surface of regenerating explants was covered with green shootlets. The percentages of regenerating explants of three genotypes varied between 60 and 70%, and the number of shoots per regenerating explant was highly increased. The shootlets were transferred to solid Murashige and Skoog's medium allowing shoot development, then to rooting medium. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and gave fertile plants. The role of liquid medium culture in the induction of sunflower regeneration is discussed.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid 相似文献
56.
Hlne Blanch Lawrence G. Wright Gilles Vergnaud Batrice de Gouyon Valrie Lauthier Lee M. Silver Jean Dausset Howard M. Cann Richard S. Spielman 《Genomics》1992,12(4):826-828
Human homologues of mouse t-complex genes have been cloned and localized physically to chromosome 6p or 6q. TCP1, TCP10, and PLG are human homologues of genes located in the proximal portion of the t-complex on mouse chromosome 17. We present here results of genetic mapping of these human t-complex homologues previously localized to 6q25-q27, 6q21-q27, and 6q26-q27, respectively, by physical techniques. TCP1 and PLG do not recombine with each other and are separated from TCP10 by about 15 cM, while the corresponding mouse genes are no more than 4 cM apart. Genetic mapping with markers well localized cytogenetically places TCP1 and PLG proximal to TCP10 and localizes the latter to the cytogenetic band 6q27. It is likely that the organization of human t-complex homologues on 6q is similar to that of t haplotypes rather than that of wildtype murine chromosome 17. 相似文献
57.
Influence of maize root mucilage on soil aggregate stability 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
This study was undertaken to determine the effects of root exudates on soil aggregate stability. Root mucilage was collected
from two-month old maize plants (Zea mays L.) Mucilage and glucose solutions were added at a rate of 2.45 g C kg−1 dry soil to silty clay and silt loam soils. Amended soils, placed in serum flasks, were incubated for 42 d with a drying-wetting
cycle after 21 d. Evolved CO2 was measured periodically as well as the water-stable aggregates and soluble sugar and polysaccharide content of the soil.
In mucilage-amended soils CO2 evolution started with a lag phase of 2–3 days, which was not observed in glucose-amended soils. There was then a sharp increase
in evolved CO2 up to day 7. During the second incubation period there were only small differences in evolved C between treatments. Incorporation
of mucilage in both soils resulted in a spectacular and immediate increase in soil aggregate stability. Thereafter, the percent
of water-stable aggregates quickly decreased parallel to microbial degradation. On completion of the incubation, aggregate
stability in the silty clay soil was still significantly higher in the presence of mucilage than in the control. This work
supports the assumption that freshly released mucilage is able to stick very rapidly to soil particles and may protect the
newly formed aggregates against water destruction. On the silty clay, microbial activity contributes to a stabilization of
these established organo-mineral bounds. 相似文献
58.
Jean Mariaux 《Systematic parasitology》1991,20(2):109-120
Five taxa included in the cestode genus Anonchotaenia (Cyclophyllidea, Paruterinidae) have been found in various birds from the Ivory Coast (West Africa). The hosts belong to the families Hirundinidae and Corvidae. A. (Paranonchotaenia) prionopos n. sp., parasitic in Prionops plumata, and A. (P.) malaconoti n. sp, parasitic in Malaconotus blanchoti, are placed in a new subgenus named Paranonchotaenia, which is erected for the Anonchotaenia species showing genital ducts passing between the longitudinal excretory stems. A. (P.) prionopos is characterised by a rather short cirrus-pouch, six to seven testes, and an integumental cavity at the distal extremity of the cirrus-pouch in gravid proglottides. A. (P.) malaconoti differs from the former species mainly by the larger cirrus-pouch and a slightly greater number of testes. The other three species are A. longiovata, parasitic in Hirundo semirufa; A. globata, parasitic in Psadiloprocne obscura (the latter two species are recorded from new hosts and new geographical areas); and Anonchotaenia sp., parasitic in Hirundo rustica. It is assumed that the subgenus A. (Anonchotaenia) is rather a parasite of the Passerida and that the subgenus A. (Paranonchotaenia) tends to be parasitic in the Corvida.This paper is a part of the author's thesis.This paper is a part of the author's thesis. 相似文献
59.
Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA 总被引:90,自引:0,他引:90
Six primers for the amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been designed. In order to find out whether these primers were universal, we used them in an attempt to amplify DNA from various plant species. The primers worked for most species tested including algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. The fact that they amplify chloroplast DNA non-coding regions over a wide taxonomic range means that these primers may be used to study the population biology (in supplying markers) and evolution (inter- and probably intraspecific phylogenies) of plants. 相似文献
60.