A DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathway Coordinates the Division of Dikaryotic Cells in the Ink Cap Mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea

The fungal fruiting body or mushroom is a multicellular structure essential for sexual reproduction. It is composed of dikaryotic cells that contain one haploid nucleus from each mating partner sharing the same cytoplasm without undergoing nuclear fusion. In the mushroom, the pileus bears the hymenium, a layer of cells that includes the specialized basidia in which nuclear fusion, meiosis, and sporulation occur. Coprinopsis cinerea is a well-known model fungus used to study developmental processes associated with the formation of the fruiting body. Here we describe that knocking down the expression of Atr1 and Chk1, two kinases shown to be involved in the response to DNA damage in a number of eukaryotic organisms, dramatically impairs the ability to develop fruiting bodies in C. cinerea, as well as other developmental decisions such as sclerotia formation. These developmental defects correlated with the impairment in silenced strains to sustain an appropriated dikaryotic cell cycle. Dikaryotic cells in which chk1 or atr1 genes were silenced displayed a higher level of asynchronous mitosis and as a consequence aberrant cells carrying an unbalanced dose of nuclei. Since fruiting body initiation is dependent on the balanced mating-type regulator doses present in the dikaryon, we believe that the observed developmental defects were a consequence of the impaired cell cycle in the dikaryon. Our results suggest a connection between the DNA damage response cascade, cell cycle regulation, and developmental processes in this fungus.     

Neutral microprotein, a novel human plasma and urinary protein associated with a yellow-brown chromophore. Isolation from protein HC preparations and partial characterization

An apparently novel human plasma and urinary protein of low molecular weight was isolated from several highly purified preparations of protein HC by gel chromatography and high voltage electrophoresis with a yield of about 8 mg/g. The protein has a molecular weight of about 20,000, neutral electrophoretic mobility at pH 6.5 and a high content of half-cystine. It is associated with a yellow-brown chromophore like protein HC and could be demonstrated in all investigated preparations of isolated human, rabbit and guinea-pig protein HC and alpha 1-microglobulin.     

Über den Gehalt an auxin- und gibberellinähnlichen Stoffen bei jarowisierten und nicht jarowisierten Embryonen von Sommer- und Winterweizen

V jarovisovaných a nejarovisovaných obilkách jedné ozimé a jedné jarní odr?dy p?enice byly chromatograficky stanoveny látky typu auxin? a giberelin?. Chromatogramy byly vyhodnoceny pomocí biologických test?. U ozimé odr?dy jsme nena?li rozdíly v rozlo?ení r?stových látek mezi jarovisovanou a nejarovisovanou variantou. U jarní odr?dy jsme rozdíly na?li. Na základě výsledk? soudíme, ?e rozdíly mezi oběma variantami jarní odr?dy byly zp?sobeny nespecifickým p?sobením nízké teploty a ?e proces jarovisace není kausálně spjat se změnami hladiny r?stových látek.     

Effect of the phase state of lipids on their interaction with cobra cytotoxin

Interaction between cytotoxin of the Central Asia cobra venom and dimiristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer depending on its phase state was studied by ESR with spin label. A conclusion can be drawn that the efficiency of cytotoxin effect on the membranes depends on their phase state. Cytotoxin molecules are incorporated into myophile region of the bilayer, only if the latter is in the liquid crystal state. The interaction between cytotoxins and lipids of the bilayer in a gel state is in the main conditioned by electrostatic forces.     

High Rates of Obesity and Chronic Disease Among United Methodist Clergy

We used self‐reported data from United Methodist clergy to assess the prevalence of obesity and having ever been told certain chronic disease diagnoses. Of all actively serving United Methodist clergy in North Carolina (NC) 95% (n = 1726) completed self‐report height and weight items and diagnosis questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS). We calculated BMI categories and diagnosis prevalence rates for the clergy and compared them to the NC population using BRFSS data. The obesity rate among clergy aged 35–64 years was 39.7%, 10.3% (95% CI = 8.5%, 12.1%) higher than their NC counterparts. Clergy also reported significantly higher rates of having ever been given diagnoses of diabetes, arthritis, high blood pressure, angina, and asthma compared to their NC peers. Health interventions that address obesity and chronic disease among clergy are urgently needed.     

Beitrag zur Flora von Bosnien und der Hercegovina

Ohne Zusammenfassung