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101.
This review describes three biological processes in which there is evidence for single cells being able to measure elapsed time. We describe the work that has led to this view, and review more recent work that has provided new insights into possible mechanisms for the measurement of time. 相似文献
102.
Anke Wesselius Martijn JL Bours Niklas R Jørgensen James Wiley Ben Gu Svenjhalmar van Helden Lodewijk van Rhijn Pieter C Dagnelie 《Purinergic signalling》2013,9(1):123-130
In the present study we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2RX4, which alter the P2X4R function, are associated with the development of osteoporosis and whether an interaction between the P2X4R and P2X7R confer a synergistic effect of these two receptors on osteoporosis risk. Patients with fracture (690 females and 231 males, aged ≥50 years) were genotyped for three non-synonymous P2X4R SNPs. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the total hip, lumbar spine, and femoral neck. Subject carrying the variant allele of the Tyr315Cys polymorphism showed a 2.68-fold (95 % CI, 1.20–6.02) higher risk of osteoporosis compared with wild-type subject. Furthermore, significant lower lumbar spine BMD values were observed in subjects carrying the Cys315 allele as compared with wild-type (0.85 ± 0.17 and 0.93 ± 0.17 g/cm2, respectively; p < 0.001). Assuming a recessive model, carriers of the variant allele of the Ser242Gly polymorphism showed increased BMD values at the lumbar spine compare to wild-type subject (1.11 ± 0.35 and 0.92 ± 0.17 g/cm2, respectively; p = 0.0045). This is the first study demonstrating an association of non-synonymous polymorphisms in the P2RX4 and the risk of osteoporosis, suggesting a role of the P2X4R in the regulation of bone mass.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11302-012-9337-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献103.
Endothelium-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) relax vascular smooth muscle by activating potassium channels and causing membrane hyperpolarization. Recent evidence suggests that EETs act via a membrane binding site or receptor. To further characterize this binding site or receptor, we synthesized 20-iodo-14,15-epoxyeicosa-8(Z)-enoyl-3-azidophenylsulfonamide (20-I-14,15-EE8ZE-APSA), an EET analogue with a photoactive azido group. 20-I-14,15-EE8ZE-APSA and 14,15-EET displaced 20-(125)I-14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid binding to U937 cell membranes with K(i) values of 3.60 and 2.73 nM, respectively. The EET analogue relaxed preconstricted bovine coronary arteries with an ED(50) comparable to that of 14,15-EET. Using electrophoresis, 20-(125)I-14,15-EE8ZE-APSA labeled a single 47 kDa band in U937 cell membranes, smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and bovine coronary arteries. In U937 cell membranes, the 47 kDa radiolabeling was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET (IC(50) values of 444, 11.7, and 8.28 nM, respectively). The structurally unrelated EET ligands miconazole, MS-PPOH, and ketoconazole also inhibited the 47 kDa labeling. In contrast, radiolabeling was not inhibited by 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid, 5-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid, a biologically inactive thiirane analogue of 14,15-EET, the opioid antagonist naloxone, the thromboxane mimetic U46619, or the cannabinoid antagonist AM251. Radiolabeling was not detected in membranes from HEK293T cells expressing 79 orphan receptors. These studies indicate that vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells, and U937 cell membranes contain a high-affinity EET binding protein that may represent an EET receptor. This EET photoaffinity labeling method with a high signal-to-noise ratio may lead to new insights into the expression and regulation of the EET receptor. 相似文献
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105.
Kumar Ranjeet R. Singh Neha Singh Sapna Vinutha T. Krishnan Veda Goswami Suneha Kumar Bhupinder Jat Shankar L. Yogeesh L. N. Singh Sumer P. Mishra Gyan P. Tara Satyavathi C. Sachdev Archana Praveen Shelly 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2022,31(4):837-852
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Flour of millets is nutritionally better, as compared to cereals, but has problem of low shelf-life. Here, we analyzed the nutritional density, and... 相似文献
106.
Aquaporins (AQP) 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to the aquaporin water channel family and play an important role in urine concentration by reabsorption of water from renal tubule fluid. Renal AQPs have not been reported in the yak (Bos grunniens), which resides in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. We investigated AQPs 1?4 expressions in the kidneys of Yak using immunohistochemical staining. AQP1 was expressed mainly in the basolateral and apical membranes of the proximal tubules and descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. AQP2 was detected in the apical plasma membranes of collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules. AQP3 was located in the proximal tubule, distal tubule and collecting ducts. AQP4 was located in the collecting ducts, distal straight tubule, glomerular capillaries and peritubular capillaries. The expression pattern of AQPs 1?4 in kidney of yak was different from other species, which possibly is related to kidney function in a high altitude environment. 相似文献
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Christian Schmidt Jeremie Fizet Francesca Properzi Mark Batchelor Malin K. Sandberg Julie A. Edgeworth Louise Afran Sammy Ho Anjna Badhan Steffi Klier Jacqueline M. Linehan Sebastian Brandner Laszlo L. P. Hosszu M. Howard Tattum Parmjit Jat Anthony R. Clarke Peter C. Kl?hn Jonathan D. F. Wadsworth Graham S. Jackson John Collinge 《Open biology》2015,5(12)
According to the protein-only hypothesis, infectious mammalian prions, which exist as distinct strains with discrete biological properties, consist of multichain assemblies of misfolded cellular prion protein (PrP). A critical test would be to produce prion strains synthetically from defined components. Crucially, high-titre ‘synthetic'' prions could then be used to determine the structural basis of infectivity and strain diversity at the atomic level. While there have been multiple reports of production of prions from bacterially expressed recombinant PrP using various methods, systematic production of high-titre material in a form suitable for structural analysis remains a key goal. Here, we report a novel high-throughput strategy for exploring a matrix of conditions, additives and potential cofactors that might generate high-titre prions from recombinant mouse PrP, with screening for infectivity using a sensitive automated cell-based bioassay. Overall, approximately 20 000 unique conditions were examined. While some resulted in apparently infected cell cultures, this was transient and not reproducible. We also adapted published methods that reported production of synthetic prions from recombinant hamster PrP, but again did not find evidence of significant infectious titre when using recombinant mouse PrP as substrate. Collectively, our findings are consistent with the formation of prion infectivity from recombinant mouse PrP being a rare stochastic event and we conclude that systematic generation of prions from recombinant PrP may only become possible once the detailed structure of authentic ex vivo prions is solved. 相似文献
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110.
K?Zouaoui?BoudjeltiaEmail author Ph?Cauchie Cl?Remacle M?Guillaume D?Brohée JL?Hubert M?Vanhaeverbeek 《BMC biotechnology》2002,2(1):8