全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5603篇 |
免费 | 415篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
6021篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 22篇 |
2022年 | 62篇 |
2021年 | 133篇 |
2020年 | 86篇 |
2019年 | 104篇 |
2018年 | 149篇 |
2017年 | 176篇 |
2016年 | 257篇 |
2015年 | 361篇 |
2014年 | 408篇 |
2013年 | 448篇 |
2012年 | 546篇 |
2011年 | 536篇 |
2010年 | 347篇 |
2009年 | 276篇 |
2008年 | 387篇 |
2007年 | 340篇 |
2006年 | 298篇 |
2005年 | 260篇 |
2004年 | 208篇 |
2003年 | 191篇 |
2002年 | 153篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6021条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Patrice L. Mason R. Wayne Litaker Hae Jin Jeong Jeong Hyun Ha Kimberly S. Reece Nancy A. Stokes Jae Yeon Park Karen A. Steidinger Mark W. Vandersea Steve Kibler Patricia A. Tester Wolfgang K. Vogelbein 《Journal of phycology》2007,43(4):799-810
A new genus of Pfiesteria‐like heterotrophic dinoflagellate, Luciella gen. nov., and two new species, Luciella masanensis sp. nov. and Luciella atlantis sp. nov., are described. These species commonly occur with other small (<20 μm) heterotrophic and mixotrophic dinoflagellates in estuaries from Florida to Maryland and the southern coast of Korea, suggesting a possible global distribution. An SEM analysis indicates that members of the genus Luciella have the enhanced Kofoidian plate formula of Po, cp, X, 4′, 2a, 6″, 6c, PC, 5+s, 5?, 0p, and 2″″. The two four‐sided anterior intercalary plates are diamond shaped. The genus Luciella differs from the other genera in the Pfiesteriaceae by a least one plate in the plate tabulation and in the configuration of the two anterior intercalary plates. An SSU rDNA phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genus as monophyletic and distinct from the other genera in the Pfiesteriaceae. The morphology of Luciella masanensis closely resembles Pfiesteria piscicida Steid. et J. M. Burkh. and other Pfiesteria‐like dinoflagellates in size and shape, making it easily misidentified using LM. Luciella atlantis, in contrast, has a more distinctive morphology. It can be distinguished from L. masanensis and other Pfiesteria‐like organisms by a larger cell size, a more conical‐shaped epitheca and hypotheca, larger rhombic‐shaped intercalary plates, and an asymmetrical hypotheca. The genus Luciella is assigned to the order Peridiniales and the family Pfiesteriaceae based on plate tabulation, plate pattern, general morphology, and phylogenetic analysis. 相似文献
112.
113.
114.
115.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel beads were prepared by photopolymerization of methacrylated HA and N-vinylpyrrolidone using alginate as a temporal spherical mold. Various fabrication conditions for preparing the hydrogel beads, such as the concentration of methacrylated HA and UV irradiation time, were optimized to control swelling properties and enzymatic degradability. A new concept for cell encapsulation is proposed in this paper. Viable cells were directly injected into the hydrogel beads using a microinjection technique. When bovine articular chondrocytes were injected into HA hydrogel beads and cultivated for 1 week, the cells could proliferate well within the HA beads. HA hydrogel beads could be potentially used as injectable cell delivery vehicles for regenerating tissue defects. 相似文献
116.
Effects of NaCl stress on germination, antioxidant responses, and proline content in two rice cultivars 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Young Geol Sohn Byung Hyun Lee Kyu Young Kang Jeung Joo Lee 《Journal of Plant Biology》2005,48(2):201-208
We investigated the physiological and biochemical bases for salt tolerance in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars — relatively salt-tolerant ‘Dongjin’ and salt-sensitive ‘Kumnam’. Salinized hydroponic cultures were studied
at the germination and seedling stages. NaCI inhibited germination more severely in ‘Kumnam’ than in ‘Dongjin’. Increasing
the salt concentration also deterred growth to a larger extent in the former. Moreover, the leaves of ‘Kumnam’ exhibited greater
increases in lipid peroxidation and Na+ accumulation than those of ‘Dongjin’ under stress. The activities of constitutive and salt-induced superoxide dismutase (SOD,
EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (AP, EC 1.11.1.11) were also higher in ‘Kumnam’, while only catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6)
activity was slightly higher in stressed plants of ‘Dongjin’. The positive correlation between leaf proline levels and NaCI
concentration was more evident in ‘Kumnam’. However, ‘Dongjin’ seeds, which had higher germinability in the presence of NaCI,
also contained more proline. These results suggest that the higher salt tolerance in ‘Dongjin’ seedlings could be ascribed
to their lower NaCI accumulations in the leaves. This presumably is due to reductions in the uptake or transport rates of
saline ions to the shoots from the roots. Finally, we believe that the higher germination rate by ‘Dongjin’ is caused by its
higher seed proline content. 相似文献
117.
Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells Using Hydrophobic Antireflective Inverted Moth‐Eye Nanopatterned PDMS Films 下载免费PDF全文
Jung Woo Leem Sehwan Kim Soo Hyun Lee John A. Rogers Eunkyoung Kim Jae Su Yu 《Liver Transplantation》2014,4(8)
Poly‐dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with 2D periodic inverted moth‐eye nanopatterns on one surface are implemented as antireflection (AR) layers on a glass substrate for efficient light capture in encapsulated organic solar cells (OSCs). The inverted moth‐eye nanopatterned PDMS (IMN PDMS) films are fabricated by a soft imprint lithographic method using conical subwavelength grating patterns formed by laser interference lithography/dry etching. Their optical characteristics, together with theoretical analysis using rigorous coupled‐wave analysis simulation, and wetting behaviors are investigated. For a period of 380 nm, IMN PDMS films laminated on glass substrates exhibit a hydrophobic surface with a water contact angle (θCA) of ≈120° and solar weighted transmittance (SWT) of ≈94.2%, both significantly higher than those (θCA≈ 36° and SWT ≈ 90.3%) of bare glass substrates. By employing IMN PDMS films with a period of 380 nm on glass substrates for OSCs, an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.19% is obtained mainly due to the increased short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 19.74 mA cm‐2 compared to the OSCs with the bare glass substrates (PCE = 5.16% and Jsc = 17.25 mA cm‐2). For the OSCs, the device stability is also studied. 相似文献
118.
Seong Jin Jeong Han Sol Lee Jeong Keun Lee Jin Woo Jeong Sang Cheol Lee Jeong Hyun Kim Sung Kyu Hong Seok-Soo Byun Sang Eun Lee 《PloS one》2014,9(11)
Objectives
Mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery for the treatment of urinary incontinence has been widespread since the introduction of tension-free vaginal tape in the mid-1990s. The majority of studies with short-term follow-up <2 years found no differences in the surgical outcomes according to body mass index (BMI). However, considering the chronic influence of obesity on pelvic floor musculature, it is cautiously speculated that higher BMI could increase stress on pelvic floor and sub-urethral tape, possibly decreasing the long-term success rate in the obese population. We aimed to compare the long-term effects of BMI on the outcomes of MUS between women with retropubic and transobturator approaches.Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis on 243 consecutive women who received MUS and were followed up for ≥36 months. The influence of BMI on the success rates was separately estimated and the factors for treatment failure were examined using logistic regression in either approach.Results
The mean follow-up was 58.4 months, and 30.5% were normal weight, 51.0% overweight, and 18.5% obese. Patients received either the retropubic (30.5%) or transobturator (69.5%) approach. The success rates (%) under the transobturator approach differed according to the BMI groups (94.3, 88.6, and 78.6, respectively; P = 0.037) while those under the retropubic approach were not different according to the BMI groups. However, in multivariate models, only the presence of preoperative mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) was proven to be the risk factor for treatment failure in the transobturator approach (OR 6.39, P = 0.003). The percent of subjects with MUI was higher in obese women than in non-obese women with the transobturator approach.Conclusions
BMI was not independently associated with failures in either approach. Higher success rates in women with lower BMI in the transobturator approach were attributed to the lower percent of preoperative MUI in those with lower BMI. 相似文献119.
Hahn Kyu Ri Kim Woosuk Jung Hyo Young Kwon Hyun Jung Kim Dae Won Hwang In Koo Yoon Yeo Sung 《Neurochemical research》2022,47(4):1073-1082
Neurochemical Research - Cuprizone is commonly used to induce neuronal demyelination in mice. In the present study, we compared the cuprizone-induced demyelination in the corpus callosum and... 相似文献
120.
MiHyun Lee Ju Hyeon Song Seong Yeob Byeon Jeong Eun Lee Ho Jin Kim SeungBeom Chae Chung Weon Yun JiDong Kim 《Ecology and evolution》2021,11(18):12872
Research on species richness patterns and the advanced elevational Rapoport rule (ERR) has been widespread in recent years; however, there is a lack of such research for the temperate mountainous regions in northeast Asia. Here, we collected plant species from the Seorak Mountain in northeast Asia through field surveys. The species were divided into 11 groups according to the life‐form types and phytogeography affinities of each species. The ERR was evaluated using Steven''s method and by examining the species richness patterns of each group. The species richness patterns revealed a positive multimodal pattern along the elevation gradient, but phytogeography affinities (increasing trend) and life‐form analysis (unimodal) exhibited different patterns. The elevation gradients (1,350 m for the mean elevation–range relationships), which are affected by the boundary effect and different life forms, did not consistently support the ERR. However, herbs as well as rare, endemic, and red list species showed consistent support for the ERR, which could be attributed to the influence by phytogeography affinities. Therefore, the results from Seorak Mountain showed that the ERR was not consistent for different plant life forms in the same area; however, phytogeography affinities could support and explain ERR. 相似文献