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51.
The significance of endogenously formed prostaglandins in the vasodilation induced by nicotinic acid (NIC) was investigated. The forearm venous plasma level of radioimmunoassayed PGE (R-PGE) and the forearm blood flow (FBF) were measured in 13 healthy male volunteers at rest and during infusion of NIC. Each subject was subsequently re-studied after pretreatment with the PG synthesis inhibitor, naproxen. In the absence of naproxen, NIC infusion resulted in an almost four-fold rise in the release of R-PGE and a 60% increase in FBF. Pretreatment with naproxen did not affect the basal release of R-PGE or the basal FBF but inhibited both the release of R-PGE and the increase in FBF following NIC. The data support the hypothesis that the vasodilating effect of NIC is largely dependent upon an increased vascular formation of PG. 相似文献
52.
Brita Eklund Lennart Kaijser Jacek Nowak ke Wennmalm 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1979,17(6):821-830
The significance of endogenously formed prostaglandins in the vasodilation induced by nicotinic acid (NIC) was investigated. The forearm venous plasma level of radioimmunoassayed PGE (R-PGE) and the forearm blood flow (FBF) were measured in 13 healthy male volunteers at rest and during infusion of NIC. Each subject was subsequently re-studied after pretreatment with the PG synthesis inhibitor, naproxen. In the absence of naproxen, NIC infusion resulted in an almost four-fold rise in the release of R-PGE and a 60% increase in FBF. Pretreatment with naproxen did not affect the basal release of R-PGE or the basal FBF but inhibited both the release of R-PGE and the increase in FBF following NIC. The data support the hypothesis that the vasolidating effect of NIC is largely dependent upon an increased vascular formation of PG. 相似文献
53.
A several-fold greater counting efficiency is observed for protein labeled with [3H]leucine than for free [3H]leucine using a conventional filter disk assay. A similar, though less marked, effect is noted for 14C-labeled molecules. These results are comparable to those reported by others for counting efficiencies of labeled DNA and deoxynucleotides and illustrate the generality of this effect with regard to macromolecules and their low-molecular weight precursors. This phenomenon, presumably due to differences in the distribution of large and small molecules within filters, gives rise to errors in the quantitation of macromolecule synthesis if a counting efficiency identical to that of the precursor is assumed to apply. A convenient method for determining counting efficiencies of various molecules bound to filters is presented which eliminates this problem. 相似文献
54.
V D Michaelis I Neumann B Schulz W Nowak W K?cher R Michael P Heinke R Reding 《Endokrinologie》1975,64(3):257-268
In 8 female patients carbohydrate tolerance was proved by means of glucose infusion test 3 days after cholecystectomy. Parameters analyzed in portal and peripheral vein blood are compared with that of 47 healthy persons. All patients demonstrate a pathological carbohydrate tolerance after cholecystectomy, further characterized by an increased lipolysis, a paradoxical rise of HGH, a diminished insulin secretion during the early and increased IRI output in the second phase. There is a significant positive correlation between portal and peripheral vein IRI concentration despite the rising portalperipheral venous IRI difference with raised portal venous IRI concentration. Corresponding differences for proinsulin concentrations can be established in the early phase only. Relations existing between blood glucose and IRI are shown by multiple regression analysis. They suggest that the altitude of IRI concentration is determined by previous blood glucose concentration. 相似文献
55.
T Nowak 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1976,251(1):73-78
The interaction of a series of alkylamines with muscle pyruvate kinase was investigated by kinetic and physical studies in order to understand the mechanisms by which certain monovalent cations can activate the enzyme and to define several of the important conformational changes necessary for catalytic activity. Monomethylammonium ion interacts with pyruvate kinase to activate the enzyme. Dimethyland trimethylammonium ions do not activate, but are competitive inhibitors against activating cations. Tetramethylammonium ion neither activates nor inhibits pyruvate kinase activity. When the enzyme is in the presence of monomethylammonium ion or dimethylammonium ion, a conformational change is observed by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. This conformational change is similar to that observed with other activating cations and appears to be a necessary but no sufficient conformational change in the formation of an active complex. The interaction of the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate with the pyruvate kinase-Mn2+ complex in the presence of these cations was studied by water proton relaxation rate measurements. The affinity of the enzyme-Mn2+ complex for phosphoenolpyruvate is decreased by a factor of 5 in the presence of any of the alkylamines compared to the affinity measured in the presence of K+ or NH4+. No change in the Km of phosphoenolpyruvate is observed however when it is measured in the presence of monomethylammonium ion, suggesting that the decrease in affinity for the substrate is not the reason for lack of enzymic activity. The conformation of the ternary enzyme-Mn2+-phosphoenolpyruvate complex about the bound Mn2+, as reflected by the enhancement values (epsilont) measured, differs depending upon the nature of the monovalent cation. The epsilon t values measured in the presence of the alkylamines are larger (epsilont - 5.7 +/- 0.2) than those measured in the presence of K+ or NH4+ (epsilont = 1.9 +/- 0.1). 相似文献
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58.
The impact of global climate change on genetic diversity within populations and species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Steffen U. Pauls Carsten Nowak Miklós Bálint Markus Pfenninger 《Molecular ecology》2013,22(4):925-946
Genetic diversity provides the basic substrate for evolution, yet few studies assess the impacts of global climate change (GCC) on intraspecific genetic variation. In this review, we highlight the importance of incorporating neutral and non‐neutral genetic diversity when assessing the impacts of GCC, for example, in studies that aim to predict the future distribution and fate of a species or ecological community. Specifically, we address the following questions: Why study the effects of GCC on intraspecific genetic diversity? How does GCC affect genetic diversity? How is the effect of GCC on genetic diversity currently studied? Where is potential for future research? For each of these questions, we provide a general background and highlight case studies across the animal, plant and microbial kingdoms. We further discuss how cryptic diversity can affect GCC assessments, how genetic diversity can be integrated into studies that aim to predict species' responses on GCC and how conservation efforts related to GCC can incorporate and profit from inclusion of genetic diversity assessments. We argue that studying the fate of intraspecifc genetic diversity is an indispensable and logical venture if we are to fully understand the consequences of GCC on biodiversity on all levels. 相似文献
59.
The electric heart activity can be localised from body surface mapping data with computer algorithms. At higher heart rates the T and P waves merge. Thus, the offset can not be subtracted in the TP segment. We investigated 28 healthy volunteers with signal averaged 31-lead magnetocardiography. The offset of the baseline was determined in the TP-segment and in the PR-segment, respectively. The electrical heart activity was localised in the initial 30 ms of the QRS complex (Q), at the QRS maximum (R), and at the T wave maximum (T). The volume currents were considered by using a boundary element model with the compartments lungs and torso. The 3D positions of the dipoles, the dipole orientations, and the dipole strengths were calculated using the data preprocessed with two different offset correction intervals. The offsets of the TP and PR segments significantly differed one from another. The average deviations of the dipole localisation were within a few centimetres (Q: 20 +/- 31 mm, R: 6 +/- 13 mm, T: 14 +/- 30 mm). However, in a small number of subjects (Q: n = 5, R: n = 2, T: n = 5) we observed a deviation of more than 30 mm. These deviations were not linearly correlated to the differences in the baseline offsets. High resolution recordings continuously detect heart activity in the PR segment. The correction of the baseline in the PR segment instead of the TP segment may introduce artefacts in the source localisation and therefore should be avoided. 相似文献