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131.
Andrzej Pawlowski Marianne Jansson Markus Sk?ld Martin E. Rottenberg Gunilla K?llenius 《PLoS pathogens》2012,8(2)
Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections place an immense burden on health care systems and pose particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Infection with HIV is the most powerful known risk factor predisposing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and progression to active disease, which increases the risk of latent TB reactivation 20-fold. TB is also the most common cause of AIDS-related death. Thus, M. tuberculosis and HIV act in synergy, accelerating the decline of immunological functions and leading to subsequent death if untreated. The mechanisms behind the breakdown of the immune defense of the co-infected individual are not well known. The aim of this review is to highlight immunological events that may accelerate the development of one of the two diseases in the presence of the co-infecting organism. We also review possible animal models for studies of the interaction of the two pathogens, and describe gaps in knowledge and needs for future studies to develop preventive measures against the two diseases. 相似文献
132.
Zhenmei Lu Ye Deng Joy D Van Nostrand Zhili He James Voordeckers Aifen Zhou Yong-Jin Lee Olivia U Mason Eric A Dubinsky Krystle L Chavarria Lauren M Tom Julian L Fortney Regina Lamendella Janet K Jansson Patrik D'haeseleer Terry C Hazen Jizhong Zhou 《The ISME journal》2012,6(2):451-460
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is the deepest and largest offshore spill in the United State history and its impacts on marine ecosystems are largely unknown. Here, we showed that the microbial community functional composition and structure were dramatically altered in a deep-sea oil plume resulting from the spill. A variety of metabolic genes involved in both aerobic and anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation were highly enriched in the plume compared with outside the plume, indicating a great potential for intrinsic bioremediation or natural attenuation in the deep sea. Various other microbial functional genes that are relevant to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and iron cycling, metal resistance and bacteriophage replication were also enriched in the plume. Together, these results suggest that the indigenous marine microbial communities could have a significant role in biodegradation of oil spills in deep-sea environments. 相似文献
133.
Virginia Luquez David Hall Benedicte R. Albrectsen Jan Karlsson Pär Ingvarsson Stefan Jansson 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(2):279-292
The genus Populus is currently the main model system for genetic, genomic, and physiological research in trees. Phenotypic variation in aspen (Populus tremula) populations growing in different environments across Sweden is expected to reflect genetic variation that is important for local adaptation. To analyze such natural phenotypic and genetic variation, the Swedish Aspen (SwAsp) Collection was established. Trees were taken from 12 different populations across Sweden, from 56° to 66° latitude north and planted in two common gardens in Ekebo (55.9°N) and Sävar (63.4°N). Data related to phenological and growth traits were collected during the second year of growth. Some traits like the date of bud set and leaf area duration showed strong clinal variation patterns with latitude in both field trials, but the date of bud flush did not change along a latitudinal cline. The phenological traits showed moderate within-populations heritabilities, although growth traits showed weaker clinal patterns and lower heritabilities than the phenological traits. This research forms the starting point for the development of the SwAsp collection, a resource facilitating analysis of the natural genetic variation in aspen, the elucidation of the structure and dynamics of aspen populations, and the future identification of the genes controlling adaptive traits using association mapping of selected candidate genes. 相似文献
134.
Simulated climate change impacts on fluxes of carbon in Norway spruce ecosystems along a climatic transect in Sweden 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Per-Erik Jansson Magnus Svensson Dan Berggren Kleja David Gustafsson 《Biogeochemistry》2008,89(1):81-94
A simulation study based on recent regional climate scenarios for Sweden investigated possible changes in carbon (C) dynamics
and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of Swedish Norway spruce forest ecosystems. Four sites, representative of well-drained soils
in four regions, were included. Stand development was simulated for a 100-year rotation period using a coupled model describing
abiotic and biotic processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Two IPCC climate change scenarios, corresponding to a mean
annual temperature increase of about 2°C (A2) or 3°C (B2) from the reference period 1961–1990 to a new period 2061–2090, were
considered. Annual maximum snow depth decreased with the increase in air temperature, whereas maximum soil frost depth and
mean annual soil temperature showed only small changes, especially for the sites in northern Sweden. Simulations suggested
that in the warmer climate, gross primary production (GPP) increased by 24–32% in northern Sweden and by 32–43% in the south.
In the north, the increase was related to the combined effect of air and soil temperature extending the growing season, whereas
in the south it was mainly governed by increased N availability due to increased soil temperature. NEE increased by about
20% (A2) or 25% (B2) at all sites, more or less solely due to increased accumulation of C in the tree biomass (including harvest
residues), since changes in soil C were small compared with the current climate. Both light use efficiency and water use efficiency
were improved in the future climate scenarios, despite increases in atmospheric CO2 not being considered. 相似文献
135.
Fungal root endophytes from natural vegetation in Mediterranean environments with special reference to Fusarium spp 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maciá-Vicente JG Jansson HB Abdullah SK Descals E Salinas J Lopez-Llorca LV 《FEMS microbiology ecology》2008,64(1):90-105
Surveys (in 2002 and 2003) were performed for fungal endophytes in roots of 24 plant species growing at 12 sites (coastal and inland soils, both sandy soils and salt marshes) under either water or salt stress in the Alicante province (Southeast Spain). All plant species examined were colonized by endophytic fungi. A total of 1830 fungal isolates were obtained and identified by morphological and molecular [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor-1alpha gene region (TEF-1alpha) sequencing] techniques. One hundred and forty-two fungal species were identified, belonging to 57 genera. Sterile mycelia were assigned to 177 morphospecies. Fusarium and Phoma species were the most frequent genera, followed by Aspergillus, Alternaria and Acremonium. Fungal root endophytic communities were influenced by the soil type where their respective host plants grew, but not by location (coastal or inland sites). Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria chlamydospora contributed most to the differences found between endophytic communities from sandy and saline soils. Host preference was found for three Fusarium species studied. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani were especially isolated from plants of the family Leguminosae, while Fusarium equiseti showed a preference for Lygeum spartum (Gramineae). In some cases, specificity could be related to intra-specific variability as shown by sequencing of the TEF-1alpha in the genus Fusarium. 相似文献
136.
The electron transfer from wild-type spinach plastocyanin (Pc) to photosystem 1 has been studied by flash-induced absorption changes at 830 nm. The decay kinetics of photo-oxidized P700 are drastically slower in the presence of Ag(I)-substituted Pc, while addition of Zn(II)-substituted Pc has a weaker effect. The metal-substituted forms of Pc act as competitive inhibitors of the reaction between normal, Cu-containing, Pc and P700. The inhibition constants obtained from an analysis of the kinetic data were 30 and 410 muM for Ag(I)- and Zn(II)-substituted Pc, respectively. When the Gly8Asp mutant form of Pc was used instead of the wild-type form, the corresponding values were found to be 77 and 442 muM. If the Ag- and Zn-derivatives can be considered as structural mimics of reduced and oxidized CuPc, respectively, our results imply that there is a redox-induced decrease in the affinity between Pc and photosystem 1 that follows the electron donation to P700. Our data also imply that the Gly8Asp mutation can diminish the magnitude of this change. The findings reported here are consistent with a reaction mechanism where the electron transfer in the complex between Pc and photosystem 1 is assumed to be reversible. 相似文献
137.
Maciá-Vicente JG Jansson HB Mendgen K Lopez-Llorca LV 《Canadian journal of microbiology》2008,54(8):600-609
Fungal root endophytes obtained from natural vegetation were tested for antifungal activity in dual culture tests against the root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Fifteen isolates, including Acremonium blochii, Acremonium furcatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cylindrocarpon sp., Cylindrocarpon destructans, Dactylaria sp., Fusarium equiseti, Phoma herbarum, Phoma leveillei, and a sterile mycelium, selected based on the dual culture test, were inoculated on barley roots in growth tubes under axenic conditions, both in the absence and presence of G. graminis var. tritici. All isolates colonized the rhizosphere and very often the root cortex without causing disease symptoms and without affecting plant growth. Eight isolates significantly reduced the symptoms caused by G. graminis var. tritici, and 6 of them reduced its presence in the roots. 相似文献
138.
Forecasting Environmental Responses to Restoration of Rivers Used as Log Floatways: An Interdisciplinary Challenge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christer Nilsson Fabio Lepori Björn Malmqvist Erik Törnlund Niclas Hjerdt James M. Helfield Daniel Palm Johan Östergren Roland Jansson Eva Brännäs Hans Lundqvist 《Ecosystems》2005,8(7):779-800
Log floating in the 19th to mid 20th centuries has profoundly changed the environmental conditions in many northern river
systems of the world. Regulation of flow by dams, straightening and narrowing of channels by various piers and wing dams,
and homogenization of bed structure are some of the major impacts. As a result, the conditions for many riverine organisms
have been altered. Removing physical constructions and returning boulders to the channels can potentially restore conditions
for these organisms. Here we describe the history of log driving, review its impact on physical and biological conditions
and processes, and predict the responses to restoration. Reviewing the literature on comparable restoration efforts and building
upon this knowledge, using boreal Swedish rivers as an example, we address the last point. We hypothesize that restoration
measures will make rivers wider and more sinuous, and provide rougher bottoms, thus improving land-water interactions and
increasing the retention capacity of water, sediment, organic matter and nutrients. The geomorphic and hydraulic/hydrologic
alterations are supposed to favor production, diversity, migration and reproduction of riparian and aquatic organisms. The
response rates are likely to vary according to the types of processes and organisms. Some habitat components, such as beds
of very large boulders and bedrock outcrops, and availability of sediment and large woody debris are believed to be extremely
difficult to restore. Monitoring and evaluation at several scales are needed to test our predictions. 相似文献
139.
Hanna Jansson 《BBA》2008,1777(9):1116-1121
The electron transfer from wild-type spinach plastocyanin (Pc) to photosystem 1 has been studied by flash-induced absorption changes at 830 nm. The decay kinetics of photo-oxidized P700 are drastically slower in the presence of Ag(I)-substituted Pc, while addition of Zn(II)-substituted Pc has a weaker effect. The metal-substituted forms of Pc act as competitive inhibitors of the reaction between normal, Cu-containing, Pc and P700. The inhibition constants obtained from an analysis of the kinetic data were 30 and 410 μM for Ag(I)- and Zn(II)-substituted Pc, respectively. When the Gly8Asp mutant form of Pc was used instead of the wild-type form, the corresponding values were found to be 77 and 442 μM. If the Ag- and Zn-derivatives can be considered as structural mimics of reduced and oxidized CuPc, respectively, our results imply that there is a redox-induced decrease in the affinity between Pc and photosystem 1 that follows the electron donation to P700. Our data also imply that the Gly8Asp mutation can diminish the magnitude of this change. The findings reported here are consistent with a reaction mechanism where the electron transfer in the complex between Pc and photosystem 1 is assumed to be reversible. 相似文献
140.
Karlsson A Jägervall K Utkovic H Karlsson L Rehnström E Fredin MF Gillberg PG Jansson L Michaëlsson E Melgar S 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2008,367(2):242-248
Imidazoquinoline compounds, such as resiquimod (R-848), are well known topically active immune modifiers that bind to toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). The aim of this study was to characterize the R-848 induced inflammatory response in mice and to validate the response using methyl-prednisolone and anti-TNF antibody.Intra-colonic application of R-848 to BALB/c mice induced a systemic transient elevation of TNF, CXCL1, IL-6, and IL-12p40 and a colonic elevation of cytokines/chemokines and iNOS, without infiltration of immune cells or epithelial destruction. Treatment with methyl-prednisolone or anti-TNF antibody attenuated the systemic (TNF, IL-6, IL-12p40, and CXCL1) and local (colonic TNF and iNOS mRNA expression) response induced by R-848.In summary, intra-colonic administration of R-848 induces an acute systemic and local inflammatory response, which can be attenuated by steroids or anti-TNF antibody. We suggest that the R-848 inflammatory model can be useful in future validation of new drugs for gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. 相似文献