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111.
Global analyses revealed age‐related alterations in innate immune responses after stimulation of pathogen recognition receptors
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Talibah U. Metcalf Rafael A. Cubas Khader Ghneim Michael J. Cartwright Julien Van Grevenynghe Justin M. Richner David P. Olagnier Peter A. Wilkinson Mark J. Cameron Byung S. Park John B. Hiscott Michael S. Diamond Anne M. Wertheimer Janko Nikolich‐Zugich Elias K. Haddad 《Aging cell》2015,14(3):421-432
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113.
M. Z. Kos J. Yan D. M. Dick A. Agrawal K. K. Bucholz J. P. Rice E. O. Johnson M. Schuckit S. Kuperman J. Kramer A. M. Goate J. A. Tischfield T. Foroud J. Nurnberger Jr. V. Hesselbrock B. Porjesz L. J. Bierut H. J. Edenberg L. Almasy 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2013,12(5):532-542
Alcohol dependence (AD) is a heritable substance addiction with adverse physical and psychological consequences, representing a major health and economic burden on societies worldwide. Genes thus far implicated via linkage, candidate gene and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) account for only a small fraction of its overall risk, with effects varying across ethnic groups. Here we investigate the genetic architecture of alcoholism and report on the extent to which common, genome‐wide SNPs collectively account for risk of AD in two US populations, African‐Americans (AAs) and European‐Americans (EAs). Analyzing GWAS data for two independent case–control sample sets, we compute polymarker scores that are significantly associated with alcoholism (P = 1.64 × 10–3 and 2.08 × 10–4 for EAs and AAs, respectively), reflecting the small individual effects of thousands of variants derived from patterns of allelic architecture that are population specific. Simulations show that disease models based on rare and uncommon causal variants (MAF < 0.05) best fit the observed distribution of polymarker signals. When scoring bins were annotated for gene location and examined for constituent biological networks, gene enrichment is observed for several cellular processes and functions in both EA and AA populations, transcending their underlying allelic differences. Our results reveal key insights into the complex etiology of AD, raising the possibility of an important role for rare and uncommon variants, and identify polygenic mechanisms that encompass a spectrum of disease liability, with some, such as chloride transporters and glycine metabolism genes, displaying subtle, modifying effects that are likely to escape detection in most GWAS designs. 相似文献
114.
IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 Coordinately Regulate the Type I IFN Response in Myeloid Dendritic Cells Downstream of MAVS Signaling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
115.
C. Grebenstein S. P. Kos T. J. de Jong W. L. M. Tamis G. R. de Snoo 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2013,15(3):531-540
Hybridisation and subsequent introgression have recently received much attention in the context of genetically modified crops. But crop–wild hybrid detection in the field can be difficult, as most domestication traits seem to be recessive, and the hybrid phenotype may also depend on the direction of the cross or environmental factors. Our aim was to develop a reliable set of morphological markers that differ between two wild and 13 cultivated carrots (Daucus carota L.) and to evaluate their inheritance in hybrid lines. We then examined these morphological markers in four F1 hybrids obtained by fertilising plants from the two wild accessions with pollen from two common carrot cultivars. Of the 16 traits that differed between the two carrot subspecies, three took intermediate values in the hybrids, eight resembled the cultivar parent (dominant domestication traits), two resembled the wild parent (domestication traits recessive), and three were not significant or growth condition‐dependent. Root:shoot ratio was seven times higher for cultivars than for wild plants, while still attaining equivalent total dry weight, which shows that dry matter production by the shoot is much higher in cultivars than in wild plants. High root:shoot ratios were also present in the hybrids. While we found no maternal effects, the type of cultivar used for pollination had an impact on hybrid characteristics. The morphological markers developed here provide insights into the mode of inheritance of ecologically relevant traits and can be useful for pre‐screening wild populations for hybrid detection prior to genetic analysis. 相似文献
116.
Vilibic-Cavlek T Ljubin-Sternak S Kos L Mlinaric-Galinovic G 《Acta microbiologica et immunologica Hungarica》2011,58(4):351-357
There is a high degree of variability in the serologic response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, especially in viral capsid antigen (VCA)-IgM antibodies. Therefore, additional tests are needed to confirm primary infection. We evaluated the value of IgG avidity determination in diagnosis of EBV infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. A total of 236 serum samples from immunocompetent patients with symptoms suggestive of EBV infection were tested for the presence of VCA-IgM/IgG antibodies and IgG avidity. Using IgG avidity, acute primary infection was confirmed in 56.7% of the immunocompetent patients with positive and in 1.8% of patients with negative VCA-IgM. Recent primary infection was documented in 8.9% of the IgM positive and 3.5% of the IgM negative patients. In patients with indeterminate serology (equivocal IgM), 6.7% were classified by avidity index (AI) as acute primary infection, 10.0% as post-acute and 83.3% as past infection cases. Concerning the 32 immunocompromised patients, recent primary infection was documented in 3 of the 14 IgM positive patients. High AI was detected in 11 of these patients, indicating an IgM response due to reactivation. Determination of IgG avidity in combination with classical serologic markers seems to be a reliable method to confirm primary infection both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. It may be especially useful to differentiate cases of primary infection in patients with undetectable VCA-IgM antibodies or indeterminate routine EBV serology. 相似文献
117.
Dorn A Ng'oma E Janko K Reichwald K Polačik M Platzer M Cellerino A Reichard M 《Molecular phylogenetics and evolution》2011,61(3):739-749
Nothobranchius are a group of small, extremely short-lived killifishes living in temporary savannah pools in Eastern Africa and that survive annual desiccation of their habitat as dormant eggs encased in dry mud. One mitochondrial (COI) and three nuclear (CX32.2, GHITM, PNP) loci were used to investigate the phylogenetic relationship of Nothobranchius species from southern and central Mozambique. This group shows marked variation in captive lifespan at both the inter- and intraspecific levels; lifespan varies from a few months to over a year. As their distribution encompasses a steep gradient between semi-arid and humid habitats, resulting in contrasting selection pressures on evolution of lifespan and associated life history traits, Mozambican Nothobranchius spp. have recently become a model group in studies of ageing, age-related disorders and life history evolution. Consequently, intraspecific genetic variation and male colour morph distribution was also examined in the recovered clades. Using Bayesian species tree reconstruction and single loci analyses, three large clades were apparent and their phylogenetic substructure was revealed at the inter- and intra-specific levels within those clades. The Nothobranchius furzeri and Nothobranchius orthonotus clades were strongly geographically structured. Further, it was demonstrated that male colour has no phylogenetic signal in N. furzeri, where colour morphs are sympatric, but is associated with two reciprocally monophyletic groups in Nothobranchius rachovii clade, where colour morphs are parapatric. Finally, our analysis showed that a polymorphism in the Melanocortin1 receptor gene (which controls pigmentation in many vertebrates and was a candidate gene of male colouration in N. furzeri) is unrelated to colour phenotypes of the study species. Our results raise significant implications for future comparative studies of the species and populations analysed in the present work. 相似文献
118.
Daphne Kos Guy Nagels Marie B. D'Hooghe William Duquet Stephan Ilsbroukx Stijn Delbeke 《Chronobiology international》2013,30(2):345-356
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease resulting in impairments in motor and mental performance and restrictions in activities. Self‐report instruments are commonly used to measure activity patterns; alternatively, actigraphs can be placed on several parts of the body. The aims of this study were to evaluate the superiority and specificity of actigraph placement (wrist vs. ankle) in subjects with MS and healthy controls and explore the relationship between self‐report and objective activity patterns. A total of 19 subjects with definite MS and 10 healthy volunteers wore actigraphs on the non‐dominant wrist and ankle for three days while they kept a log to register performed activities every. 5 h. Wrist and ankle actigraphs produced similar activity patterns during the most active hours (09∶00–20∶30 h) (ANOVA, time×location interaction: F=.901, df=23, p=.597) in individuals with MS and healthy controls (between subjects factor F=3.275, p=.083). Wrist placement of the actigraphs was better tolerated than ankle placement. Wrist actigraph data corresponded to a higher degree with self‐reported activities of the upper limbs in the early afternoon, whereas ankle data seem to reflect better whole body movements in the later afternoon/early evening. Overall, actigraph data correlated moderately with self‐reported activity (r=.57 for ankle and r=.59 for wrist). The regression model revealed that self‐reported activities explained 44% of the variance in ankle and 50% of wrist data. Wrist and ankle actigraphs produce similar activity patterns in subjects with MS and in healthy controls; however, the placement of actigraphs on the wrist is better tolerated. Ankle actigraphs reflect general movement but underestimate upper body activity. Subjective registration of activity level partly matches with objective actigraph measurement. A combination of both objective and subjective activity registration is recommended to evaluate the physical activity pattern of subjects with MS. 相似文献
119.
Kosík O Garajová S Matulová M Rehulka P Stratilová E Farkaš V 《Carbohydrate research》2011,346(2):357-361
Fluorescently labeled derivatives of a xyloglucan (XG) nonasaccharide Glc4Xyl3Gal2 (XLLG) were used as glycosyl acceptors in assays of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) from germinated nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) seeds. We have investigated how the type of the oligosaccharide label influences the kinetic parameters of the reaction. The fluorescent probes used to label XLLG were anthranilic acid (AA), 8-aminonaphtalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ANTS), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and sulforhodamine (SR), respectively. The obtained data were compared with those of the reactions where aldose and/or alditol forms of tritium-labeled xyloglucan-derived nonasaccharide served as the respective acceptors. Modification at C-1 of the reducing-end glucose in XLLG by substitution with the fluorophore markedly affected the kinetic parameters of the reaction. The Michaelis constants Km for individual acceptors increased in the order [1-3H]XLLG < XLLG-SR < [1-3H]XLLGol < XLLG-FITC < XLLG-ANTS < XLLG-AA, while the turnover numbers characterized by kcat decreased in the order XLLG-FITC > XLLG-SR > XLLG-ANTS > [1-3H]XLLGol > [1-3H]XLLG > XLLG-AA. Catalytic efficiency (expressed as kcat/Km) with XLLG labeled with SR or FITC was 15 and 28 times, respectively, higher than with the tritium-labeled natural substrate [1-3H]XLLG. Comparison of the kinetic parameters found with acceptors labeled with different types of labels enables to select the most effective substrates for the high-throughput assays of XET. 相似文献
120.
Elisabeth G. W. Huijskens Johan Reimerink Paul G. H. Mulder Janko van Beek Adam Meijer Erwin de Bruin Ingrid Friesema Menno D. de Jong Guus F. Rimmelzwaan Marcel F. Peeters John W. A. Rossen Marion Koopmans 《PloS one》2013,8(1)