全文获取类型
收费全文 | 385篇 |
免费 | 43篇 |
专业分类
428篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 32篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 23篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有428条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
82.
Jani D Nagarkatti R Beatty W Angel R Slebodnick C Andersen J Kumar S Rathore D 《PLoS pathogens》2008,4(4):e1000053
When malaria parasites infect host red blood cells (RBC) and proteolyze hemoglobin, a unique, albeit poorly understood parasite-specific mechanism, detoxifies released heme into hemozoin (Hz). Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel Plasmodium Heme Detoxification Protein (HDP) that is extremely potent in converting heme into Hz. HDP is functionally conserved across Plasmodium genus and its gene locus could not be disrupted. Once expressed, the parasite utilizes a circuitous "Outbound-Inbound" trafficking route by initially secreting HDP into the cytosol of infected RBC. A subsequent endocytosis of host cytosol (and hemoglobin) delivers HDP to the food vacuole (FV), the site of Hz formation. As Hz formation is critical for survival, involvement of HDP in this process suggests that it could be a malaria drug target. 相似文献
83.
Kristiina Kanerva Jani Lappalainen Laura T. M?kitie Susanna Virolainen Petri T. Kovanen Leif C. Andersson 《PloS one》2009,4(8)
Background
Upon IgE-mediated activation, mast cells (MC) exocytose their cytoplasmic secretory granules and release a variety of bioactive substances that trigger inflammatory responses. Polyamines mediate numerous cellular and physiological functions. We report here that MCs express antizyme inhibitor 2 (AZIN2), an activator of polyamine biosynthesis, previously reported to be exclusively expressed in the brain and testis. We have investigated the intracellular localization of AZIN2 both in resting and activated MCs. In addition, we have examined the functional role of polyamines, downstream effectors of AZIN2, as potential regulators of MC activity.Methodology/Principal Findings
Immunostainings show that AZIN2 is expressed in primary and neoplastic human and rodent MCs. We demonstrate that AZIN2 localizes in the Vamp-8 positive, serotonin-containing subset of MC granules, but not in tryptase-containing granules, as revealed by double immunofluorescence stainings. Furthermore, activation of MCs induces rapid upregulation of AZIN2 expression and its redistribution, suggesting a role for AZIN2 in secretory granule exocytosis. We also demonstrate that release of serotonin from activated MCs is polyamine-dependent whereas release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase is not, indicating a granule subtype-specific function for polyamines.Conclusions/Significance
The study reports for the first time the expression of AZIN2 outside the brain and testis, and demonstrates the intracellular localization of endogenous AZIN2 in MCs. The granule subtype-specific expression and its induction after MC activation suggest a role for AZIN2 as a local, in situ regulator of polyamine biosynthesis in association with serotonin-containing granules of MCs. Furthermore, our data indicates a novel function for polyamines as selective regulators of serotonin release from MCs. 相似文献84.
Background
An important objective of DNA microarray-based gene expression experimentation is determining inter-relationships that exist between differentially expressed genes and biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components, signaling pathways, physiologic processes and diseases. 相似文献85.
86.
Reaching the experimental time scale of millisecond is a grand challenge for protein folding simulations. The development of advanced Molecular Dynamics techniques like Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics (REMD) makes it possible to reach these experimental timescales. In this study, an attempt has been made to reach the multi microsecond simulation time scale by carrying out folding simulations on a three helix bundle protein, Villin, by combining REMD and Amber United Atom model. Twenty replicas having different temperatures ranging from 295 K to 390 K were simulated for 1.5 μs each. The lowest Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) structure of 2.5 ? was obtained with respect to native structure (PDB code 1VII), with all the helices formed. The folding population landscapes were built using segment-wise RMSD and Principal Components as reaction coordinates. These analyses suggest the two-stage folding for Villin. The combination of REMD and Amber United Atom model may be useful to understand the folding mechanism of various fast folding proteins. 相似文献
87.
88.
89.
Hedley S. Grantham Kerrie A. Wilson Atte Moilanen Tony Rebelo Hugh P. Possingham 《Ecology letters》2009,12(4):293-301
Decisions about where conservation actions are implemented are based on incomplete knowledge about biodiversity. The Protea Atlas is a comprehensive database, containing information collated over a decade. Using this data set in a series of retrospective simulations, we compared the outcome from different scenarios of information gain, and habitat protection and loss, over a 20-year period. We assumed that there was no information on proteas at the beginning of the simulation but knowledge improved each year. Our aim was to find out how much time we should spend collecting data before protecting habitat when there is ongoing loss of habitat. We found that, in this case, surveying for more than 2 years rarely increased the effectiveness of conservation decisions in terms of representation of proteas in protected areas and retention within the landscape. If the delay is too long, it can sometimes be more effective just using a readily available habitat map. These results reveal the opportunity costs of delaying conservation action to improve knowledge. 相似文献
90.
Jani Rózsa Tanja M. Strand Marc Montadert Radoslav Kozma Jacob Höglund 《Conservation Genetics》2016,17(2):401-412
Biogeographic range expansions, when related to dispersal limitation, may have counter intuitive effects on genetic diversity. At range margins the relative roles of demographic changes, connectivity and genetic diversity need to be integrated for a successful assessment of population viability. Historically the Hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia) in France was found in the north of the French Alps and also in a disjunct population in the nearby Jura Mountains. The species has recently undergone a range expansion in a north to south axis in the Alps. Local population size estimates and migration patterns during expansion have previously been studied. In this study, we performed genotyping at neutral (microsatellite) and adaptive (MHC) genetic markers in Hazel grouse. We compared diversity and differentiation (FST and DEST) at three sampling localities along the expansion axis in the French Alps and Jura, as well as at two sampling localities in Sweden, where the population has had a long-term continuous and stable distribution. Strong serial founder effects were found between the French localities, resulting in stronger isolation further south, with a relatively high neutral differentiation (pair-wise FST = 0.117). However, the loss of adaptive diversity MHC was slight. No adaptive differentiation (MHC DEST = ?0.015) was observed, thus, the French localities can be considered uniform units with regard to MHC diversity, a criterion to treat populations in these localities as a management unit. 相似文献