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21.
Karel Mikulík Anna Jiráňová Jaroslav Weiser Ivan Janda Jana Šťastná Nguyen Quyen 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression》1983,740(1):99-107
Slowly cooled cells of Streptomyces aureofaciens contained mainly tight-couple ribosomes. Maximum rate of polyphenylalanine synthesis on ribosomes of S. aureofaciens was observed at 40°C, while cultures grew optimally at 28°C. Ribosomes of S. aureofaciens differed from those of E. coli in the amount of poly(U) required for maximum synthetic activity. The polyphenylalanine-synthesizing activity of E. coli ribosomes was about 3-times higher than that of S. aureofaciens ribosomes. The addition of protein S1 of E. coli or the homologous protein from S. aureofaciens had no stimulatory effect on the translation of poly(U). In order to localize alteration(s) of S. aureofaciens ribosomes in the elongation step of polypeptide synthesis we developed an in vitro system derived from purified elongation factors and ribosomal subunits. The enzymatic binding of Phe-tRNA to ribosomes of S. aureofaciens was significantly lower than the binding to ribosomes of E. coli. This alteration was mainly connected with the function of S. aureofaciens 50 S subunits. These subunits were not deficient in their ability to associate with 30 S subunits or with protein SL5 which is homologous to L7/L12 of E. coli. 相似文献
22.
The ultrastructure of a lateral organ in the head of Polyxenus lagurus which has been recently erroneously termed cerebral gland is described. It turned out to be a neurohaemal organ and not a gland, apparently homologous to the organ of Gabe of the luliformia. 相似文献
23.
The present report is focused on the study of participation of exogenous DNA in the process of postirradiation reparation of meristematic cells ofVicia faba primary roots. It is aimed at comparison of the positive reparative effect of isologous DNA with postirradiation action of heterologous DNA in its native, thermally denatured and DNAase-degraded forms, or DNA degraded by ultrasound, and with the effect of other biologically important macromolecules (RNA, histone, heparin, and dextran sulphate). For this purpose, the roots ofVicia faba irradiated by 150 r exposure were cultivated in solutions containing the above substances for an appropriate time interval. In squash slides both mitotic activity of the investigated cell population and frequency of postmetaphase chromosomal aberrations induced by radiation were evaluated. It was shown that a stimulation of cell division and reparation of chromosome damages were supported exclusively by isologous DNA. On the contrary, exogenously applied heterologous DNA increased postirradiation frequency of aberrations; maintenance of native structure of applied DNA was an essential condition for the above effect. Other macromolecules investigated on the course of postirradiation reparation ofVicia faba meristematic cells were without effect. 相似文献
24.
Chromatographic separation of an extract of organic acids on a Dowex-l column in the formiate cycle was used to study the content of several organic acids in pea plants, cultivated either in light or in darkness. Concentration changes of the individual acids in the course of growth indicate that the citrate cycle is blocked in the cotyledons of plants grown in light in the period around the 15th day of growth, probably at the site of succinic dehydrogenase (succinic and lactic acids accumulate and the content of citric and malic acids is exhausted). There is no inhibition in the cotyledons of etiolated plants. In vegetative organs, the concentration of the majority of the acids studied is lower than in cotyledons, probably because synthetic processes prevail over degradation processes in these organs. It seems that other processes besides the citrate cycle participate in malate synthesis in pea plants. 相似文献
25.
- At a so-called natural anaerobiosis during the first 48 hours of germination the concentration of ethanol in pea tissues increases (according to the cultivation conditions) up to 40 μmol per gram fresh weight.
- In a nitrogen atmosphere the content of ethanol in pea seedlings increases as well, and after a 90 hour incubation in N2 it can reach even 100 μmol ethanol per gram fresh weight. In older plants the content increases the most markedly in cotyledons, but considerable amounts were revealed also in stems and roots. Its increase in vegetative organs of plants cultivated both in light and darkness is more or less identical. Ethylalcohol can be formed by the vegetative organs themselves, as proved by the increase of this metabolite in plants deprived of reserve organs; in addition, however, it is evidently transported into them from reserve parts. Ethanol formed under anaerobiosis is catabolyzed after transferring plants to the air.
26.
This paper is a study of the effect of exogenous DNA of different genetic origins on the repair of meristematic cells of primary roots ofVicia faba, damaged by 24 hour treatment with 0·01mm solution of Ypenyl. Both kinds of DNA,i.e. isologous and heterologous, stimulated cell proliferation which was decreased by the action of the radiomimetic and influenced both dynamics of production of chromosome aberrations and the interchromosomal distribution of induced damage. While heterologous DNA increased the frequency of aberrations after all recovery periods studied, isologous DNA significantly decreased the number of chromosomal aberrations. Heterologous DNA increased at the same time the relative number of breaks in the group of small chromosomes, while by the action of isologous DNA the number of aberrations related to this group of chromosomes was relatively decreased. 相似文献
27.
In our present work the formation of chromosome aberrations has been studied in dependence on the tima interval between sonication and fixation of the primary root tips of Vicia faba. Maximum occurrence of aberrations was recorded immediately after sonication. The results of our experiments pointed to the fact that the frequency of the induced changes was independent on the sonic waves intensity within the range of 0-2—3-0 W/cm2 and on ultrasond treatment duration within the range of 1—20 min. Studies of the distribution of chromosome abnormalities caused by ultrasound between the large and small chromosomes of theVicia faba meristematic cells in various time intervals showed that the frequency of the aberrations in both chromosome groups was proportional to its total metaphase lengths. Analysis of the type of aberrations observed in various time intervals after sonication indicated the simultaneous formation of chromosome and chromatide abnormalities. 相似文献
28.
We compared the occurrence of peroxidase isozymes in protein extract from roots, hypocotyls and cotyledons of 10 dayCucurbita pepo plants and of adult leaves of older plants by means of starch gel and polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis. We reached maximum discrimination by means of starch gel electrophoresis: 11 zones were ascertained on the cathode side and about 2 on the anode side at pH 3.1. Two zones occurred regularly:A and (the latter having a more complicated structure). ZoneD is characteristic for roots, but is it suppressed and seldom found with leaves. On the other hand zonesC 1 andC 2 are clearly discernible with leaves but are substantially less evident with roots. The character of anodic zoneZ is discussed later in this paper. 相似文献
29.
J. Seifert 《Folia microbiologica》1964,9(6):347-351
It was experimentally demonstrated that the deviation from linearity exhibited by the dependence of intensity of nitrification
on the size of the specific surface of soil structural aggregates is due to deteriorated aeration in the internal space of
aggregates of greater diameter. The deteriorated aeration is due to retarded diffusion of oxygen in the aggregates containing
greater amounts of moisture. Aggregates isolated from rendzine which displayed a deviation from linearity when their moisture
content was equal to twice their maximum hygroscopicity (largersize aggregates produced less nitrates than would correspond
to a linear relationship) showed a clear linear dependence as soon as the moisture content dropped to values lower than maximum
hygroscopicity.
Влияние размеров структурных агрегатов почвы на интенсивность нитрификации II. Значение аэрации
Интенсивность нитрификации в почвенных структурных агрегатах различной величины падает с увеличением диаметра агрегатов. Если взять отношение интенсивности нитрификации к размерам специфической поверхности агрегатов (под специфической поверхностью почвенных структурных агрегатов мы понимаем отношение общей внешней поверхности агрегатов опре-деленной фракции к единице вещества), то можно установить, или что падение интенсивности нитрификации протекает равномерно с уменьшением размеров плоцади специфической поверхность агрегатов, или что интенсивность нитри-фикации в агрегатах большего диаметра падает быстрее, чем размеры специфи-ческой поверхности. В этом случае зависимостй интенсивности нитрификации от величины специфической поверхности имеет характер кривой (рис. 1). В предыдущей работе (Сайферт, 1964) нами было высказано предположение, что это явление связано с ухудшением аэрации центральной части крупных агрегатав. Ухудшение аэрации в этих агрегатах, по нашему мнению, обусловлено водяными перегородками, которые здесь почвенная влага образует в результате действия капиллярных сил. Эти перегородки замедляют диффузию кислорода из межагрегатных про-странств внутрь агрегатов. Чтобы доказать правильность нашего предположения, мы устанавливали интенсивность нитрификации в агрегатах раз-личной величины при обычно встречающемся насыщении влагой (19% веса) и при насыщении только до степени гигроскопической влаги. Результаты опытов показали, что в первом случае зависимость интенсивности нитрификации от величины специфической поверхности выражалась кривой (рис. 2), тогда как во бтором случае она имела характер прямой (рис. 4). Ввиду того, что эти результаты полностью подтверждают наше предположение, мы можем считать доказанным, что интенсивность нитрификации в агрегатах боляших диаметров понижается в связи с ухудшением аэрации.相似文献
30.
An investigation was made of the anatomical structure of the shoot apex ofSenecio vulgaris L. a photoperiodically neutral plant, and compared with the formation of successive leaf primordia along the axis up to the initiation of the terminal inflorescence. In the shoot apex of a germinating plant a central zone can first be distinguished from the peripheral zone which is composed of small and intensely stained cells. Later, a rib meristem appears. At the time of the initiation of the middle (the largest) leaves, the shoot apex has a distinct small central zone and a well developed peripheral zone and rib meristem. Between these zones there is a group of cells dividing in all directions, the subcentral zone. At the time of initiation of the last leaves, the central zone extends to the flanks and gradually ceases to be distinguishable. At the same time, the subcentral zone increases in size. This is caused first by cell division and later, with the initiation of the last, most reduced leaves, by enlargement of the cells. Vacuolization in the inner part of the apex and the arrangement of the superficial cells in rows parallel to the surface of the apex, is a preparatory step to the initiation of the inflorescence. 相似文献