Morphology of leaves of cyanus segetum LAM (Centaurea cyanus L.) after photoperiodic inhibition at different stages of ontogeny of the shoot apex

Cyanus segetum LAM. was transferred from a long to a short photoperiodic regime at various stages of ontogenesis and the development of the plant investigated. The morphology of the leaves ofCyanus segetum was dependent on the photoperiodic regime. On a short photoperiodic regime, pinnately sected leaves were formed, but only if development was inhibited while the shoot apex still had a structure characteristic for the vegetative plant. The ability to influence the shape of the leaves by a short day ends before the morphological differentiation of the inflorescence at the time of the disappearance of the vegetative structure and the formation of the meristematic mantle. After this time all leaves were smooth-edged like those of the controls on a long day. Although the ability to influence leaves was limited to the period of initiation of the leaf primordia, it was not restricted to the primordia then being initiated. The conditions of development also affected leaves whose primordia had already been initiated. This was evidently due to the action of photoperiodic conditions via ontogenesis. The position of the axils was also changed in dependence on the photoperiodic regime.     

Factors affecting the accuracy of chlorophylla andb determination by means of their paper chromatographic separation and colorimetric measurement in eluates

Quantitative determination of chlorophyll a and β can be made by paper chromatography of acetone extracts of plant material with colorimetric measurement of the eluates from the separated zones. From the suitable solvent systems which give adequate separation of the pigments at a distance of 20 cm. from the start,Hager's mixture (1955) separates the chlorophylls better than the toluene-isopropanol (400: 1 v/v.) mixture, which, however, is better for the separation of carotenoids. Twice the amount of chlorophyll is separated on Whatman 31 ET paper, equally well and with the same time of development, as on Whatman No. 3 paper, on which it is possible to separate a maximum of about 15 μg of chlorophyll pigments per 1 em. start length. Losses on elution are, however, higher on using Whatman 31 ET paper. In plants with a high chlorophyllase activity, the error of determining chlorophyll a andb is greatly reduced if the leaves are placed for 1 min. in boiling water before extraction. For elution of chlorophylla andb from paper it is better to use anhydrous acetone, for chlorophyllides 80% acetone. A comparison of the procedure investigated with the method of two-wave length spectrophotometric measurement of crude acetone extracts showed that in view of the average 10% loss, the chromatographic method is hardly suitable for determining the absolute amounts of chlorophylla andb, although the relation (a/b) can be determined with similar precision by both methods. Moreover, in view of the greater amount of work involved the chromatographic method can only be recommended for confirming the results of spectrophotometrie determination. Quantitative determination of chlorophylls from the area of the spot or from the "R_F" value can only be of an informative character.     

The identification of hybrids ofPhaseolus vulgar is L. ×Phaseolus coccineus L. Using immunoehemical methods

F₁ generace hybrid?Ph. vulgaris L. XPh. coccineus L. je v bílkovinných znacích zhruba intermedierní. V F₂ generaci se objevuje ?těpení a r?zné stupně matro- ?i patroklinity.     

Abnormities in the Inflorescence ofTriticum aestivum E. after a photoperiodic treatment at different stages of ontogeny

Metodikou fotoperiodických pokus? a analys vzrostných vrchol? jsme zjistili závislost typu výsledné morfologické abnormity na vývojovém stupni vzrostného vrcholu p?ed fotoperiodickým zásahem. Abnormálně velký po?et klásk? vznikal po zásahu u rostlin se zcela vegetativním vzrostným vrcholem. K větvení klasu do?lo nejvíce po zásahu v době prodlu?ování vzrostného vrcholu. Abnormální vývin podp?rných listen? odpovídal zásahu mezi zakládáním klásk? a zakládáním kvítk? v kláscích. ?ím d?ívěj?i byl tento zásah, tím ú plněji byly podp?rné listeny vyvinuty. První dvě odchylky p?edstavují nadpo?etný r?st osních ?lánk? v květenství, vývin podp?rného listenu je známkou posunutí korelace mezi r?stem listenu a generativním vývojem jeho ú?labního klásku. U poslední odchylky, ?ídkého klasu, která vzniká po zásahu v době zakládání ty?inek, ji? nedochází k takovému naru?ení vztahu mezi r?stem a vývojem. P?i fotoperiodickém zásahu dochází k indukci abnormální morfogenese, která pak m??e probíhat i po ukon?ení zásahu.     

The effect of DL-β-methylaspartic acid on the growth ofEscherichia coli

ВЫла кислота была под готовлена и двух его и зомеры отделить друг от друга. Больше erythro-раст воримой форме стимул ировали рост (itEscherichia титр) в синтетических средн ие на концентрацию 1–5 gmmoles мл. Менее растворимы е фракции, содержащие threo-форма препятствует росту из (itEscherichia коли) на дан ной концентрации. Инг ибирование роста сви детельствует путем п ролонгации лаг фазы; Темпы роста в логари фмической фазы и Макс имальное количество ячеек не были пострад авшим от аналога. Торм озящий последствия, в ызванные threo-форма methylaspartic ки слоты могут быть пода влены Помимо этого из аспарагиновой кисло ты.     

Temperature and air humidity as factors influencing sleep and wakefulness

Summary In experiments on rats we studied the influence of temperature (21, 27 and 33° C) and air humidity (50, 70 and 90 %) on the duration of sleep and insomnia.The sleep of an animal, exposed to variously warm and humid air for 24 hours, is shortened the more, the higher the humidity and temperature of air. After insomnia lasting 24 hours and preceeded by an exposure to variously warm and humid air for one hour, sleep debt is increased at the rate at which air humidity and temperature of the exposure is raised. Similar changes of the animal's sleep depth occur also in such cases where the exposure of the animal is carried out during insomnia.