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51.
Differential recognition of the serologically defined HLA-A2 antigen by allogeneic cytotoxic T cells 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
A comprehensive analysis of human alloimmune cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for the HLA-A2 antigen identified 11% of HLA-A2 positive cells as outliers. In total, 11 unrelated serologically indistinguishable, but distinguishable by cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) HLA-A2 positive outlier cells were identified. The outlier cells could be subdivided in two subgroups according to reactivity patterns obtained with CTLs directed against the HLA-A2 antigen of outlier cells and their inhibitory capacity in specific competitive inhibition experiments. Thus, the serologically defined HLA-A2 specificity can be divided into at least three subtypes using CTLs specific for the HLA-A2 antigen. Moreover, CTLs specific for an HLA-A2 subtype could be induced when responder cells expressed a different HLA-A2 subtype antigen. On the basis of several family studies, we conclude that the subtype HLA-A2 antigens are inherited in a codominant way. 相似文献
52.
Summary Labelling of renal tubule cytosomes with electron dense iron granules can be attained by daily intramuscular injections to mice of an iron sorbitol citric-acid compound in a total of approximately 50 mg Fe+++/100 g of body weight. The labelled cytosomes correspond to secondary lysosomes and represent heterolysosomes or ambilysosomes. The evidence suggests that tubule and lysosome function are undisturbed by the labelling procedure. The use of this method for fine structural studies of the interaction between secondary lysosomes and other cytoplasmic organelles and elements is indicated.Microbodies do not incorporate administered Fe+++. The morphological observations support the opinion that these bodies are formed in specialized portions of the smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of proximal tubule cells.Supported in part by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (Projects No. K 67-12x-1006-2, B 67-12x-1006-02K, K 68-12x-1006-03, and B 69-12x-1006-04A). The assistance of Miss Silwa Mengarelli and Miss Britt-Marie Pettersson is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
53.
D. G. Robertson D. A. Warrell Jan S. Newton-Howes C. M. Fletcher 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1969,3(5665):269-271
The change in specific airway conductance produced by smoking a cigarette under standard conditions was measured in 91 heavy smokers. Subsequently 19 of the most reactive subjects smoked two cigarettes with different filters and another containing cigar tobacco. The results indicated that reactivity to cigarette smoke was reduced significantly by increasing the retention efficiency of the filter and that reactivity to inhaled cigar-tobacco smoke was no less than that to cigarette smoke. 相似文献
54.
An investigation was made of the anatomical structure of the shoot apex ofSenecio vulgaris L. a photoperiodically neutral plant, and compared with the formation of successive leaf primordia along the axis up to the initiation of the terminal inflorescence. In the shoot apex of a germinating plant a central zone can first be distinguished from the peripheral zone which is composed of small and intensely stained cells. Later, a rib meristem appears. At the time of the initiation of the middle (the largest) leaves, the shoot apex has a distinct small central zone and a well developed peripheral zone and rib meristem. Between these zones there is a group of cells dividing in all directions, the subcentral zone. At the time of initiation of the last leaves, the central zone extends to the flanks and gradually ceases to be distinguishable. At the same time, the subcentral zone increases in size. This is caused first by cell division and later, with the initiation of the last, most reduced leaves, by enlargement of the cells. Vacuolization in the inner part of the apex and the arrangement of the superficial cells in rows parallel to the surface of the apex, is a preparatory step to the initiation of the inflorescence. 相似文献
55.
56.
Spider toxins selectively block calcium currents in Drosophila 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Toxins from spider venom, originally purified for their ability to block synaptic transmission in Drosophila, are potent and specific blockers of Ca2+ currents measured in cultured embryonic Drosophila neurons using the whole-cell, patch-clamp technique. Differential actions of toxins from two species of spiders indicate that different types of Drosophila neuronal Ca2+ currents can be pharmacologically distinguished. Hololena toxin preferentially blocks a non-inactivating component of the current, whereas Plectreurys toxin blocks both inactivating and non-inactivating components. These results suggest that block of a non-inactivating Ca2+ current is sufficient to block neurotransmitter release at Drosophila neuromuscular junction. 相似文献
57.
Peter Raeymaekers Christine Van Broeckhoven Hubert Backhovens Anita Wehnert Ludo Muylle Peter De Jonghe Jan Ghenens Jean-Jacques Martin Antoon Vandenberghe 《Human genetics》1989,81(3):231-233
Summary We have recently demonstrated tight linkage of the Duffy blood group marker to the -spectrin gene in an extended pedigree with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. To determine a more precise location of the Duffy blood group locus on the chromosome 1 map we have tested several more chromosome 1 genes for linkage with this marker. We found suggestive linkage with the antithrombin III and apolipoprotein A2 genes and conclusive linkage with the gene coding for -nerve growth factor. 相似文献
58.
The organization of microtubules (MTs) in the cortex of cells at interphase is an important element in morphogenesis. Mechanisms
controlling the initiation of MTs and their spatial ordering, however, are largely unknown. Our recent study concerning the
generation of a radial array of MTs in stomatal guard cells inAllium showed that the MTs initiate in a cortical MT-organizing zone adjacent to the ventral wall separating the two young guard
cells (Marc, Mineyuki and Palevitz, 1989, Planta179, 516, 530). In an attempt to detect MT-ordering mechanisms separate from the sites of MT initiation, we now employ various
drugs to manipulate the geometry and integrity of the ventral wall and thereby also the associated MT-organizing zone. In
the presence of cytochalasin D the ventral wall is tilted away from its normal mid-longitudinal anticlinal alignment, while
treatments with the herbicide chloroisopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate (CIPC) induce the formation of a branched ventral wall. Nonetheless, in either case the MTs still
form a radial array, although this is asymmetric as it is centered in accordance with the misaligned or branched ventral wall.
Since the MTs maintain their original course undisturbed as they extend beyond the abnormal ventral wall, there is no evidence
for the presence of an inherent MT-ordering mechanism at locations remote from MT-initiation sites. Following treatments with
caffeine, which abolishes the formation of the ventral wall, the MTs revert to a transversely oriented cylindrical array as
in normal epidermal cells. Thus the presence of the ventral wall, and presumably also the associated MT-organizing zone, is
essential for the establishment of the radial array. The MT-organizing zone is therefore involved not only in the initiation
of MTs, but also in determining their spatial order throughout the cell cortex.
We thank Drs. Richard J. Cyr and Yoshi Mineyuki for providing valueable suggestions during the course of this work, and Ms.
Elizabeth Bruce printing some of the figures. This research was supported by Funds from the National Science Foundation grants
DCB-8703292 to B.A.P. and DCB-8803286 to B.A.P. and J.M. 相似文献
59.
60.
Bart M. Nicolaï Jan F. Van Impe Peter A. Vanrolleghem Joos Vandewalle 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》1992,62(4):273-283
The mathematical model for the penicillin G fed-batch fermentation proposed by Heijnen et al. (1979) is compared with the model of Bajpai & Reuß (1980). Although the general structure of these models is similar, the difference in metabolic assumptions and specific growth and production kinetics results in a completely different behaviour towards product optimization. A detailed analysis of both models reveals some physical and biochemical shortcomings. It is shown that it is impossible to make a reliable estimation of the model parameters, only using experimental data of simple constant glucose feed rate fermentations with low initial substrate amount. However, it is demonstrated that some model parameters might be key factors in concluding whether or not altering the substrate feeding strategy has an important influence on the final amount of product.It is illustrated that feeding strategy optimization studies can be a tool in designing experiments for parameter estimation purposes. 相似文献