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991.
Tsubasa Fukue Motohide Tamura Ryo Kandori Nobuhiko Kusakabe James H. Hough Jeremy Bailey Douglas C. B. Whittet Philip W. Lucas Yasushi Nakajima Jun Hashimoto 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》2010,40(3):335-346
We present a wide-field (∼6′ × 6′) and deep near-infrared (K
s
band: 2.14 μm) circular polarization image in the Orion nebula, where massive stars and many low-mass stars are forming.
Our results reveal that a high circular polarization region is spatially extended (∼0.4 pc) around the massive star-forming
region, the BN/KL nebula. However, other regions, including the linearly polarized Orion bar, show no significant circular
polarization. Most of the low-mass young stars do not show detectable extended structure in either linear or circular polarization,
in contrast to the BN/KL nebula. If our solar system formed in a massive star-forming region and was irradiated by net circularly
polarized radiation, then enantiomeric excesses could have been induced, through asymmetric photochemistry, in the parent
bodies of the meteorites and subsequently delivered to Earth. These could then have played a role in the development of biological
homochirality on Earth. 相似文献
992.
The distribution of different macroinvertebrate groups inhabiting the littoral zone of 82 mountain lakes in the Pyrenees was
investigated in relation to the altitudinal environmental gradient. For each lake, altitude, longitude and latitude, together
with 28 environmental variables, relating to chemical and physical characteristics and to lake general productivity, were
considered. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) we showed that the altitudinal environmental gradient (i.e. altitude
and altitude-related variables) represented the largest gradient of environmental variability. We found that incidence was
related to altitude in about 50% of macroinvertebrate groups, most relationships being inverse, and also that the number of
macroinvertebrate groups found per lake was better described by a second-order polynomial function than by simple linear regression.
However, this relationship was linear for a subset of high-altitude lakes above 2,500 m a.s.l., suggesting an ecological threshold
around this altitude. Redundancy Analyses (RDAs) showed the importance of environmental factors varying with altitude for
the distribution of macroinvertebrate groups. Organic matter, salmonid presence, fine substrate dominance, macrophyte coverage,
temperature and altitude by itself were, in this order, the most relevant factors. Partial RDAs showed that different combinations
of these variables contributed to the explanation of the distribution of each group. However, the variable that uniquely explained
most variability differed from group to group. We conclude that the altitudinal gradient is a multi-faceted ecological factor,
which impinges on each group by means of some specific environmental variable(s) that are particularly relevant for the life
history of that group. 相似文献
993.
994.
Diane M Martin Sébastien Aubourg Marina B Schouwey Laurent Daviet Michel Schalk Omid Toub Steven T Lund Jörg Bohlmann 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):226
Background
Terpenoids are among the most important constituents of grape flavour and wine bouquet, and serve as useful metabolite markers in viticulture and enology. Based on the initial 8-fold sequencing of a nearly homozygous Pinot noir inbred line, 89 putative terpenoid synthase genes (VvTPS) were predicted by in silico analysis of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) genome assembly [1]. The finding of this very large VvTPS family, combined with the importance of terpenoid metabolism for the organoleptic properties of grapevine berries and finished wines, prompted a detailed examination of this gene family at the genomic level as well as an investigation into VvTPS biochemical functions. 相似文献995.
The physico-chemical properties of skim milk containing κ-carrageenan (in the concentration range 0–0.06% w/v), flaxseed gum (in the concentration range 0–0.40% w/v), or a mixture of both polysaccharides were studied using dynamic light scattering, under diluted conditions, as well as
in situ, undiluted, using diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) and ultrasonic spectroscopy. Flaxseed gum causes phase separation in
milk mixtures, because of thermodynamic incompatibility between the casein micelles and the polysaccharide chains. Confocal
microscopy and ultrasonic spectroscopy showed that while the addition of 0.01% κ-carrageenan was not sufficient to hinder
phase separation, when 0.03% was added, the helix–helix interactions between κ-carrageenan molecules were sufficient to form
a network and stabilize the system. DWS clearly demonstrated that clusters of casein micelles still form even at very low
concentrations of polysaccharides (below the visible phase separation threshold) and that κ-carrageenan hinders visible phase
separation by decreasing the mobility of the casein micelles. 相似文献
996.
Kwon D Shin K Kim S Ha Y Choi JH Yang JS Lee JY Chae C Oh HB Kang C 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2010,48(5):657-662
This study aimed to characterize the replication and pathogenic properties of a Korean pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus
isolate in ferrets and mice. Ferrets infected with A/Korea/01/2009 (H1N1) virus showed mild clinical signs. The virus replicated
well in lungs and slightly in brains with no replication in any other organs. Severe bronchopneumonia and thickening of alveolar
walls were detected in the lungs. Viral antigens were detected in the bronchiolar epithelial cells, in peribronchial glands
with severe peribronchitis and in cells present in the alveoli. A/Korea/01/2009 (H1N1) virus-infected mice showed weight loss
and pathological lung lesions including perivascular cuffing, interstitial pneumonia and alveolitis. The virus replicated
highly in the lungs and slightly in the nasal tissues. Viral antigens were detected in bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes
and interstitial macrophages. However, seasonal H1N1 influenza virus did not replicate in the lungs of ferrets, and viral
antigens were not detected. Thus, this Korean pandemic (H1N1) 2009 isolate infected the lungs of ferrets and mice successfully
and caused more pathological lesions than did the seasonal influenza virus. 相似文献
997.
Joanna Skommer Tom Brittain Subhadip Raychaudhuri 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2010,15(10):1223-1233
BH3 mimetics have been proposed as new anticancer therapeutics. They target anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, up-regulation of
which has been implicated in the resistance of many cancer cells, particularly leukemia and lymphoma cells, to apoptosis.
Using probabilistic computational modeling of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, verified by single-cell experimental
observations, we develop a model of Bcl-2 inhibition of apoptosis. Our results clarify how Bcl-2 imparts its anti-apoptotic
role by increasing the time-to-death and cell-to-cell variability. We also show that although the commitment to death is highly
impacted by differences in protein levels at the time of stimulation, inherent stochastic fluctuations in apoptotic signaling
are sufficient to induce cell-to-cell variability and to allow single cells to escape death. This study suggests that intrinsic
cell-to-cell stochastic variability in apoptotic signaling is sufficient to cause fractional killing of cancer cells after
exposure to BH3 mimetics. This is an unanticipated facet of cancer chemoresistance. 相似文献
998.
Jennifer L. Belsky Alyssa J. Ashley Premal A. Bhatt Karen V. Gilbert Heather R. Joyce Chunhua Pan Horacio Pappa Samir Z. Wahab 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2010,11(2):994-1004
The water-insoluble procedures in US Pharmacopeia (USP) General Chapter Residual Solvents <467>, which are based on European Pharmacopoeia procedures, were optimized and modified before their inclusion in the chapter to improve their scope, performance, and ruggedness.
The optimized procedures use a static headspace introduction system with a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization
detector. This article describes some of the key changes made to the USP published procedures, including use of dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent, addition of 5 mL of water and 1 mL of sample (dissolved in DMSO or DMF)
to the headspace vial, use of a 3:1 GC split ratio, and use of new matrix-matched system suitability solutions. These procedures
were verified with two different active pharmaceutical ingredients—hydroxyzine pamoate and prednisone. In the investigation,
the more polar material (hydroxyzine pamoate) showed greater recoveries for the optimized procedures when prepared in DMSO.
The less polar material (prednisone) typically had greater recoveries in DMF for the optimized procedures. During experimentation,
insights into sample preparation, additional types of headspace instrumentation, solvent purity, and other parameters were
also gained. 相似文献
999.
Md. Abdullahil Baque Eun-Joo Hahn Kee-Yoeup Paek 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(1):71-80
An efficient protocol for adventitious root induction from leaf explants of Morinda citrifolia treated with different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was established in
relation to physiological process changes during adventitious root induction under different light sources (fluorescent, red,
blue, red + blue, and far-red). Among the different concentrations of IBA and NAA, 1.0 mg l−1 IBA was proven as the best auxin source for adventitious root induction under fluorescent light. Higher concentrations of
IBA and NAA trigger callus formation in both light and dark conditions. Maximum numbers of adventitious roots were induced
under red light (26) followed by blue light (22) and the lowest under far-red light (6). In contrast, numerous callus formations
were induced by red + blue followed by red and blue, while the highest root length (1.66 cm) with negligible callusing was
observed under fluorescent light. Catalase and guaicacol peroxidase activities were highest under red light followed by fluorescent
light and the lowest under red + blue light, but superoxide dismutase activity was not significantly influenced by different
light sources. Ascorbate peroxidase played an important role in detoxification of the harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2). Under fluorescent light, significantly lower accumulation of H2O2 was observed. Accumulation of H2O2 in the induced root under different light showed a positive correlation with peroxidation of lipids and was observed higher
under far-red followed by red + blue and blue light. 相似文献
1000.
Dietrich Trümbach Cornelia Graf Benno Pütz Claudia Kühne Marcus Panhuysen Peter Weber Florian Holsboer Wolfgang Wurst Gerhard Welzl Jan M Deussing 《BMC systems biology》2010,4(1):159