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31.
The shear flow behavior of potato powder suspensions prepared from two different particle sizes and with a range of solids volume fraction (Φ) was studied. A concentrated sucrose solution was used as the continuous phase to maintain particle buoyancy. The shear flow properties were measured at 20, 50 and 80 °C. The suspensions obeyed a power-law equation in the dilute regime while the Herschel-Bulkley equation was the best fit for almost all semi-dilute and more concentrated suspensions. With increasing Φ, particle size and temperature, a gradual development of shear-thinning behavior was evident which coincided with an increase in the consistency index and the development of a yield stress in the suspensions. Potato powder suspensions therefore behave very differently to potato starch suspensions, with flow properties dominated by the effect of intra- and inter-cellular components in the potato powder particles that are transferred to the continuous phase and that alter suspension properties. 相似文献
32.
Md M. Rahman Amina El Jamali 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2009,383(4):513-518
In this study, we examined the effect of CLA isomers in preventing age-associated muscle loss and the mechanisms underlying this effect, using 12-months-old C57BL/6 mice fed 10% corn oil (CO) or a diet supplemented with 0.5% c9t11-CLA, t10c12-CLA, or c9t11-CLA+t10c12-CLA (CLA-mix) for 6 months. Both t10c12-CLA and CLA-mix groups showed significantly higher muscle mass, as compared to CO and c9t11-CLA groups, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle wet weight. Enhanced mitochondrial ATP production, with higher membrane potential, and elevated muscle antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) production, accompanied by slight increase in H2O2 production was noted in t10c12-CLA and CLA-mix groups, as compared to that of CO and c9t11-CLA groups. Oxidative stress, as measured by serum malondialdehyde and inflammation, as measured by LPS-treated splenocyte IL-6 and TNF-α, were significantly less in CLA isomers groups. Thus, CLA may be a novel dietary supplement that will prevent sarcopenia by maintaining redox balance during aging. 相似文献
33.
Hassan Imran Afridi Tasneem Gul Kazi Naveed Kazi Ghulam Abbas Kandhro Jameel Ahmed Baig Mohammad Khan Jamali Mohammad Balal Arain Abdul Qadir Shah 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(3):368-268
The pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been altered with changes in the balance of certain trace and
toxic elements. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in smoker and nonsmoker
male CVD patients (n = 457) of two age groups (31–45) and (46–60). The both elements were determined in biological samples (scalp hair, blood,
and urine) of CVD patients and healthy referents for comparison purpose. The concentrations of Zn and Cd were measured by
atomic absorption spectrophotometer prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. It was observed that the mean values of Cd
were significantly higher in the biological samples of smokers CVD as compared to nonsmoker CVD patients, while the level
of Zn was lower in both smoker and nonsmoker patients. The concentrations of Zn in whole blood and scalp hair samples were
lower in CVD patients as compared to referents (p > 0.001). Results showed significant changes of levels of Cd and Zn in blood and scalp hair samples of CVD patients when
compared with healthy referents, while reverse in the case of urine samples. It was observed that low Zn levels were associated
with both smoker and nonsmoker CVD patients, while increased cadmium accumulation was observed in smoker patients as compared
to nonsmoker patients (p > 0.025). 相似文献
34.
NOX5 in human spermatozoa: expression, function, and regulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Musset B Clark RA DeCoursey TE Petheo GL Geiszt M Chen Y Cornell JE Eddy CA Brzyski RG El Jamali A 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(12):9376-9388
Physiological and pathological processes in spermatozoa involve the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the identity of the ROS-producing enzyme system(s) remains a matter of speculation. We provide the first evidence that NOX5 NADPH oxidase is expressed and functions in human spermatozoa. Immunofluorescence microscopy detected NOX5 protein in both the flagella/neck region and the acrosome. Functionally, spermatozoa exposed to calcium ionophore, phorbol ester, or H(2)O(2) exhibited superoxide anion production, which was blocked by addition of superoxide dismutase, a Ca(2+) chelator, or inhibitors of either flavoprotein oxidases (diphenylene iododonium) or NOX enzymes (GKT136901). Consistent with our previous overexpression studies, we found that H(2)O(2)-induced superoxide production by primary sperm cells was mediated by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. Moreover, the H(V)1 proton channel, which was recently implicated in spermatozoa motility, was required for optimal superoxide production by spermatozoa. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggested an interaction among NOX5, c-Abl, and H(V)1. H(2)O(2) treatment increased the proportion of motile sperm in a NOX5-dependent manner. Statistical analyses showed a pH-dependent correlation between superoxide production and enhanced sperm motility. Collectively, our findings show that NOX5 is a major source of ROS in human spermatozoa and indicate a role for NOX5-dependent ROS generation in human spermatozoa motility. 相似文献
35.
36.
The aim of this study is applying nonlinear methods to assess changes in brain dynamics in a placebo-controlled study of midazolam-induced amnesia. Subjects injected with saline and midazolam during study, performed old/new recognition memory tests with EEG recording. Based on previous studies, as midazolam causes anterograde amnesia, we expected that midazolam would affect the EEG’s degree of complexity. Recurrence quantification analysis, and approximate entropy were used in this assessment. These methods compare with other nonlinear techniques such as computation of the correlation dimension, are suitable for non-stationary EEG signals. Our findings suggest that EEG’s complexity decreases during memory retrieval. Although this trend is observed in nonlinear curves related to the midazolam condition, the overall complexity were greater than in the saline condition. This result implies that impaired memory function caused by midazolam is associated with greater EEG’s complexity compared to normal memory retrieval in saline injection. 相似文献
37.
Sepahvand A Shams-Ghahfarokhi M Allameh A Jahanshiri Z Jamali M Razzaghi-Abyaneh M 《Folia microbiologica》2011,56(6):527-534
In the present study, genetic diversity and mycotoxin profiles of Aspergillus flavus isolated from air (indoors and outdoors), levels (surfaces), and soils of five hospitals in Southwest Iran were examined.
From a total of 146 Aspergillus colonies, 63 isolates were finally identified as A. flavus by a combination of colony morphology, microscopic criteria, and mycotoxin profiles. No Aspergillus parasiticus was isolated from examined samples. Chromatographic analyses of A. flavus isolates cultured on yeast extract–sucrose broth by tip culture method showed that approximately 10% and 45% of the isolates
were able to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), respectively. Around 40% of the isolates produced sclerotia on Czapek–Dox agar. The isolates
were classified into four chemotypes based on the ability to produce AF and CPA that majority of them (55.5%) belonged to
chemotype IV comprising non-mycotoxigenic isolates. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles generated by a combination
of four selected primers were used to assess genetic relatedness of 16 selected toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates. The
resulting dendrogram demonstrated the formation of two separate clusters for the A. flavus comprised both mycotoxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates in a random distribution. The obtained results in this study showed
that RAPD profiling is a promising and efficient tool to determine intra-specific genetic variation among A. flavus populations from hospital environments. A. flavus isolates, either toxigenic or non-toxigenic, should be considered as potential threats for hospitalized patients due to their
obvious role in the etiology of nosocomial aspergillosis. 相似文献
38.
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40.
Kazi TG Jalbani N Kazi N Arain MB Jamali MK Afridi HI Kandhro GA Sarfraz RA Shah AQ Ansari R 《Biological trace element research》2009,127(1):16-27
The determination of toxic metals (TMs) in the biological samples of human beings is an important clinical screening procedure.
The aim of this work is to determine total content of TMs, aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in scalp
hair samples of chronic kidney male patients (CKPs) on maintenance hemodialysis, during the period of 2005–2007. The study
included 115 CKPs (all smokers) and 150 controls or referents [82 (nonsmokers) and 68 (smokers)]. Both controls and patients
(males) were of the same age group (ranged 25–55 years), socioeconomic status, localities, and dietary habits. The scalp hair
samples were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer, prior to microwave-induced acid digestion. The accuracy
of the total Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb measurements was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference material (human hair
NCS ZC81002). No significant differences were observed between the analytical results and the certified values (paired t test at p > 0.05). The levels of TMs in scalp hair samples of patients were found to be higher as compared to control nonsmoker and
smokers. Moreover, the study shows that levels of Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb in scalp hair samples may be useful to evaluate the impact
of cigarette smoking in kidney failure patients. 相似文献