Evaluation of biological nutrient removal from wastewater by Twin Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor (TCFBBR) using a predictive fluidization model and AQUIFAS APP

A two-phase and three-phase predictive fluidization model based on the characteristics of a system such as media type and size, flow rates, and reactor cross sectional area was proposed to calculate bed expansion, solid, liquid and gas hold up and specific surface area (SSA) of the biofilm particles. The model was subsequently linked to 1d AQUIFAS APP software (Aquaregen) to model biological nutrient removal in two phase (anoxic) and three phase (aerobic) fluidized bed bioreactors. The credibility of the proposed model for biological nutrient removal was investigated using the experimental data from a Twin Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactors (TCFBBR) treating synthetic and municipal wastewater.The SSA of bio-particles and volume of the expanded bed were simulated as a function of operational parameters. Two-sided t-tests demonstrated that simulated SCOD, NH₄-N, NO₃-N, TN, VSS and biomass yields agreed with the experimental values at the 95% confidence level.     

Discovery of novel non-peptidic ketopiperazine-based renin inhibitors

Ketopiperazine 2 was designed from a previously published analog. Compound 2 was shown to be a novel, potent inhibitor of renin that, when administered orally, lowered blood pressure in a hypertensive double transgenic (human renin and angiotensinogen) mouse model. Compound 2 was further optimized to sub-nanomolar potency by designing an analog that addressed the S3 sub-pocket of the renin enzyme (16).     

Equipotent activity in both enantiomers of a series of ketopiperazine-based renin inhibitors

We have found that both enantiomeric configurations of the 6-alkoxymethyl-1-aryl-2-piperazinone scaffold display equipotent renin inhibition activity and similar SAR patterns. This enantiomeric flexibility is in contrast to a previously reported 3-alkoxymethyl-4-arylpiperidine scaffold.     

Identification of peptides associated with chicken major histocompatibility complex class II molecules of <Emphasis Type="Italic">B21</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">B19</Emphasis> haplotypes

Chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present peptides to T cells to initiate immune response. Some variants of the chicken MHC, such as B19 and B21 haplotypes, are strongly associated with susceptibility and resistance to Mareks disease, respectively. The objective of the present study was to characterize the repertoire and origin of self-peptides presented by chicken MHC class II (B-L) molecules of B19 and B21 haplotypes. Following immunoaffinity purification of B21 and B19 B-L molecules from transformed B cell lines, their associated peptides were eluted, high performance liquid chromatography-fractionated, and sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. Four peptides were identified associated with B21 B-L molecules. These ranged from 16 to 21 residues in length and had originated from membrane-bound, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins. Two of these peptides were present in form of an overlapping set, which is a common characteristic of MHC II-associated peptides. The single B19-associated peptide was 17 residues long and had originated from a cytosolic source. Presentation of endogenous peptides, such as those derived from cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins, by B-L molecules is indicative of cross-sampling between MHC class I and II antigen presentation pathways. These findings facilitate future studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms of chicken MHC association with disease resistance.     

FPS-ZM1 and valsartan combination protects better against glomerular filtration barrier damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Despite the effectiveness of renin-angiotensin blockade in retarding diabetic nephropathy progression, a considerable number of patients still develop end-stage renal disease. The present investigation aims to evaluate the protective potential of FPS-ZM1, a selective inhibitor of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), alone and in combination with valsartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, against glomerular injury parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. FPS-ZM1 at 1 mg/kg (i.p.), valsartan at 100 mg/kg (p.o.), and their combination were administered for 4 weeks, starting 2 months after diabetes induction in rats. Tests for kidney function, glomerular filtration barrier, and podocyte slit diaphragm integrities were performed. Combined FPS-ZM1/valsartan attenuated diabetes-induced elevations in renal levels of RAGE and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 subunit. It ameliorated glomerular injury due to diabetes by increasing glomerular nephrin and synaptopodin expressions, mitigating renal integrin-linked kinase (ILK) levels, and lowering urinary albumin, collagen type IV, and podocin excretions. FPS-ZM1 also improved renal function as demonstrated by decreasing levels of serum cystatin C. Additionally, the combination also alleviated indices of renal inflammation as revealed by decreased renal monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) expressions, F4/80-positive macrophages, glomerular TUNEL-positive cells, and urinary alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) levels. These findings underline the benefits of FPS-ZM1 added to valsartan in alleviating renal glomerular injury evoked by diabetes in streptozotocin rats and suggest FPS-ZM1 as a new potential adjunct to the conventional renin-angiotensin blockade.     

ARID1A regulates E-cadherin expression in colorectal cancer cells: a promising candidate therapeutic target

Molecular Biology Reports - Metastasis is a major cause of death in Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and the Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been known to be a crucial event in...     

Effects of cold storage on life-history traits of Aphidius matricariae

Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a polyphagous solitary endoparasitoid, attacking more than 40 species of aphids. This parasitoid is an important commercial product of many companies that produce biological control agents. Storage at low temperature increases the shelf life of many biocontrol agents, allowing companies to provide a steady and sufficient supply of insects for biocontrol programs. In the current study, the effects of cold storage of 1-day-old host mummies with A. matricariae for various time periods (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days) at 5 °C on the parasitoid’s key life-history traits were investigated. Parameters assessed after storage included adult emergence rate, offspring sex ratio, adult longevity, oviposition period, fecundity, and life-table parameters (R₀, r, λ, T, and DT). Our results showed that the mummies of A. matricariae could be stored at 5 °C for 5 days without loss of quality and for 10–15 days with minimal reduction in quality (e.g., some reduction in adult longevity and R₀). If parasitoids were stored for >15 days, quality was more strongly affected. In conclusion, A. matricariae pupae could be stored at 5 °C for up to 15 days without significant negative post-storage effects on fitness of the parasitoid. These results could be used to improve the planning of mass rearing and mass release of A. matricariae in augmentative biological control programs.     

An efficient power-aware VM allocation mechanism in cloud data centers: a micro genetic-based approach

Cluster Computing - Efficiency in cloud servers’ power consumption is of paramount importance. Power efficiency makes the reduction in greenhouse gases establishing the concept of green...     

Binding of Tris to Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase can affect its starch hydrolysis activity

Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (BLA) is routinely used as a model thermostable amylase in biochemical studies. Its starch hydrolysis activity has recently been studied in Tris buffer. Here, we address the question that whether the application of Tris buffer may influence the results of BLA activity analyses. Based on the inhibition studies and docking simulations, we suggest that Tris molecule is a competitive inhibitor of starch-hydrolyzing activity of BLA, and it has a high tendency to bind the enzyme active site. Hence, it is critically important to consider such effect when interpreting the results of activity studies of this enzyme in Tris buffer.