Inhibition of Na235SO4 incorporation of granulomatous tissue by a glycosamine derivative

The effect of N-acetyl-4-6-(p-oxy-benzylidene)-D-glycosamine on Na235SO4 incorporation has been studied in vitro. The 0.25-2.0 mmoles of the compound significantly inhibited the Na235SO4 incorporation of granulomatous tissue. The inhibitory effect proved to be dose dependent.     

Effect of tetracycline on lymphocyte antigen expression

Nowadays the existence of bearing both T and B marker lymphocytes has generally been accepted, but their role and nature is still unknown. The effect of tetracycline on lymphocytes was examined in 26 patients with different, mainly respiratory infections. Examinations were carried out on lymphocyte populations with T and B cell count using E rosette and surface immunoglobulin as a marker. It has been shown that on the lymphocytes of patients receiving tetracycline, regularly high number of D cells are found.     

Contrasting acclimation mechanisms of berry color variant grapevine cultivars (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis vinifera</Emphasis> L. cv. Furmint) to natural sunlight conditions

The acclimation mechanisms of two berry color variant grapevine leaves, Furmint White (FW) and Furmint Red (FR), to natural sunlight conditions were investigated comparing leaves from two distinct locations: at canopy surface (sun-exposed leaves) and in the inner layers (shaded leaves). We found that in contrast to FR leaves, sun-exposed FW leaves were thicker than shaded leaves due to thicker palisade tissues. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of Naturstoff-treated leaf segments revealed that flavonoids were accumulated in nuclei, cell walls, cytoplasm, and chloroplasts of the adaxial epidermal and palisade layers of sun-exposed leaves in both cultivars. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the main phenolic components in both cultivars were caftaric acid and various glycosylated flavonols. Among the latter, the dominant component was quercetin glucuronide in both cultivars, unaffected by light conditions. However, caftaric acid and quercetin glucoside were present in significantly higher amounts in sun-exposed than in shaded leaves of both cultivars, but the effect of light conditions on caftaric acid contents was more pronounced in FR than in FW. Accordingly, the total polyphenol content of leaf extracts characterized by Folin-reagent reactivity was more enhanced in sun-exposed leaves of FR, than in FW. Our data suggest two different sunlight acclimation strategies to protect photosynthetic mesophyll tissues from potential photo-oxidative damage. One is realized in FW leaves as stronger shading by thicker palisade layer accompanied by enhanced chemical defense. The other is achieved in FR leaves via a more pronounced increase in caftaric acid and total polyphenol content but without morphological adjustments.     

Immunoglobulins and glycoproteins in lymphogranulomatosis]

In the serum of 27 patients with malignant lymphogranulomatosis the authors determined the serum level of glycoproteid-carbohydrate components (hexose, hexosamine, sialin acid, and seromucoid) and the concentration of 11 different glycoproteids. In the early stage of the disease the immunoglobulin level is moderately increased in the serum, whereas a diminution can be observed in stage IV. The concentrations of ceruloplasmin, alpha-2-macroglobulin and orosomucoid were already increased significantly in stage III. The increase did not continue in stage IV. In the final stage of the disease the concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin and haemopexin turned out to be increased considerably. A significant decrease in the transferrin level could be registered in stage III with this diminution also continuing in the further course. Changes of beta-C-globulin and haptoglobin concentrations could not be evaluated statistically. The content of carbohydrate components in the glycoproteids will already increase in the early stage of the disease with this increase continuing in the further course. Among histological types there was a more significant increase of immunoglobulins in those forms rich of lymphocytes.     

Foliar exposure of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to TiO2 nanoparticles under field conditions: Photosynthetic response and flavonol profile

Photosynthetica - In the past decade, utilization of nanostructured materials has increased intensively in a wide range of applications. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), for instance, can...     

Glycine modulates membrane potential,cell volume,and phagocytosis in murine microglia

Phagocytes form engulfment pseudopodia at the contact area with their target particle by a process resembling cell volume (CV) regulatory mechanisms. We evaluated whether the osmoregulatory active neutral amino acid glycine, which contributes to CV regulation via activation of sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs) improves phagocytosis in isotonic and hypertonic conditions in the murine microglial cell line BV-2 and primary microglial cells (pMG). In BV-2 cells and pMG, RT-PCR analysis revealed expression of SNATs (Slc38a1, Slc38a2), but not of GlyRs (Glra1–4). In BV-2 cells, glycine (5 mM) led to a rapid Na⁺-dependent depolarization of membrane potential (V _mem). Furthermore, glycine increased CV by about 9 %. Visualizing of phagocytosis of polystyrene microspheres by scanning electron microscopy revealed that glycine (1 mM) increased the number of BV-2 cells containing at least one microsphere by about 13 %. Glycine-dependent increase in phagocytosis was suppressed by the SNAT inhibitor α-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB), by replacing extracellular Na⁺ with choline, and under hypertonic conditions, but not by the GlyR antagonist strychnine or the GlyR agonist taurine. Interestingly, hypertonicity-induced suppression of phagocytosis was rescued by glycine. These findings demonstrate that glycine increases phagocytosis in iso- and hypertonic conditions by activation of SNATs.     

A spatial vascular transcriptomic,proteomic, and phosphoproteomic atlas unveils an angiocrine Tie–Wnt signaling axis in the liver

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