全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2889篇 |
免费 | 212篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 40篇 |
2021年 | 64篇 |
2020年 | 50篇 |
2019年 | 51篇 |
2018年 | 72篇 |
2017年 | 77篇 |
2016年 | 118篇 |
2015年 | 156篇 |
2014年 | 192篇 |
2013年 | 193篇 |
2012年 | 232篇 |
2011年 | 222篇 |
2010年 | 149篇 |
2009年 | 114篇 |
2008年 | 166篇 |
2007年 | 146篇 |
2006年 | 149篇 |
2005年 | 156篇 |
2004年 | 143篇 |
2003年 | 111篇 |
2002年 | 86篇 |
2001年 | 33篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 19篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有3104条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
141.
María-Angeles Aller Jorge-Luis Arias Arturo Cruz Jaime Arias 《Theoretical biology & medical modelling》2007,4(1):1-25
Background
Portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome that manifests as ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy and variceal hemorrhage, and these alterations often lead to death.Hypothesis
Splanchnic and/or systemic responses to portal hypertension could have pathophysiological mechanisms similar to those involved in the post-traumatic inflammatory response. The splanchnic and systemic impairments produced throughout the evolution of experimental prehepatic portal hypertension could be considered to have an inflammatory origin. In portal vein ligated rats, portal hypertensive enteropathy, hepatic steatosis and portal hypertensive encephalopathy show phenotypes during their development that can be considered inflammatory, such as: ischemia-reperfusion (vasodilatory response), infiltration by inflammatory cells (mast cells) and bacteria (intestinal translocation of endotoxins and bacteria) and lastly, angiogenesis. Similar inflammatory phenotypes, worsened by chronic liver disease (with anti-oxidant and anti-enzymatic ability reduction) characterize the evolution of portal hypertension and its complications (hepatorenal syndrome, ascites and esophageal variceal hemorrhage) in humans.Conclusion
Low-grade inflammation, related to prehepatic portal hypertension, switches to high-grade inflammation with the development of severe and life-threatening complications when associated with chronic liver disease. 相似文献142.
Mendes GD Hamamoto D Ilha J Pereira Ados S De Nucci G 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2007,850(1-2):553-559
A rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantifying the aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole) in human plasma using dexchlorpheniramine as the internal standard (I.S.) is described herein. The analyte and the I.S. were extracted from 200 microl of human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using a mixture of diethyl ether:dichloromethane (70:30, v/v) solution. Extracts were removed and dried in the organic phase then reconstituted with 200 microl of acetonitrile:water (50:50; v/v). The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Chromatography was performed isocratically on a Genesis, C18 4 microm analytical column (100 mm x 2.1mm i.d.). The method had a chromatographic run time of 2.5 min and a linear calibration curve ranging from 0.05-10 ng ml(-1). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 ng ml(-1). This HPLC-MS-MS procedure was used to assess pharmacokinetic studies. 相似文献
143.
Alvarez I Bermejo AM Tabernero MJ Fernández P López P 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2007,845(1):90-94
The present paper describes a method for the simultaneous determination of cocaine and cocaethylene in plasma. It was based in the extraction of the analytes by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the analytes in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method showed to be very simple, rapid and sensitive. The method was validated for the two compounds, including linearity (range 25-1000 ng/mL) and the main precision parameters. It was applied to ten plasma samples from cocaine and alcohol users, obtaining positive results in all cases. 相似文献
144.
Pereira LA Báo SN Barbosa MS da Silva JL Felipe MS de Santana JM Mendes-Giannini MJ de Almeida Soares CM 《FEMS yeast research》2007,7(8):1381-1388
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is an important fungal pathogen. The disease it causes, paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), ranges from localized pulmonary infection to systemic processes that endanger the life of the patient. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis adhesion to host tissues contributes to its virulence, but we know relatively little about molecules and the molecular mechanisms governing fungal adhesion to mammalian cells. Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI: EC 5.3.1.1) of P. brasiliensis (PbTPI) is a fungal antigen characterized by microsequencing of peptides. The protein, which is predominantly expressed in the yeast parasitic phase, localizes at the cell wall and in the cytoplasmic compartment. TPI and the respective polyclonal antibody produced against this protein inhibited the interaction of P. brasiliensis to in vitro cultured epithelial cells. TPI binds preferentially to laminin, as determined by peptide inhibition assays. Collectively, these results suggest that TPI is required for interactions between P. brasiliensis and extracellular matrix molecules such as laminin and that this interaction may play an important role in the fungal adherence and invasion of host cells. 相似文献
145.
Marqus Laura Peltier Drew M. P. Camarero J. Julio Zavala Miguel A. Madrigal-Gonzlez Jaime Sangesa-Barreda Gabriel Ogle Kiona 《Ecosystems》2022,25(1):215-235
Ecosystems - Legacies of past climate conditions and historical management govern forest productivity and tree growth. Understanding how these processes interact and the timescales over which they... 相似文献
146.
Edgardo Cruces Ralf Rautenberger Víctor Mauricio Cubillos Eduardo Ramírez‐Kushel Yesenia Rojas‐Lillo Carlos Lara Jaime Andrs Montory Ivn Gmez 《Journal of phycology》2019,55(5):1011-1027
Species of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) are regarded as opportunistic organisms, which efficiently adjust their metabolism to the prevailing environmental conditions. In this study, changes in chlorophyll‐a fluorescence‐based photoinhibition of photosynthesis, electron transport rates, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant metabolism were investigated during a diurnal cycle of natural solar radiation in summer (for 12 h) under two treatments: photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400–700 nm) and PAR+ ultraviolet (UV) radiation (280–700 nm). In the presence of PAR alone, Ulva rigida showed dynamic photoinhibition, and photosynthetic parameters and pigment concentrations decreased with the intensification of the radiation. On the other hand, under PAR+UV conditions a substantial decline up to 43% was detected and an incomplete fluorescence recovery, also, P‐I curve values remained low in relation to the initial condition. The phenolic compounds increased their concentration only in UV radiation treatments without showing a correlation with the antioxidant activity. The enzimatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased over 2‐fold respect at initial values during the onset of light intensity. In contrast, catalase (CAT) increased its activity rapidly in response to the radiation stress to reach maxima at 10 a.m. and decreasing during solar. The present study suggests that U. rigida is capable of acclimating to natural radiation stress relies on a concerted action of various physiological mechanisms that act at different times of the day and under different levels of environmental stress. 相似文献
147.
Dobránszki Judit Hidvégi Norbert Gulyás Andrea Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. 《Plant molecular biology》2019,100(4-5):511-525
Plant Molecular Biology - In response to an ultrasound pulse, several hundred DEGs, including in response to stress, were up- or down-regulated in in vitro potato plantlets. Despite this abiotic... 相似文献
148.
Susan Barrera Joyce Lai Claudio Fiocchi James K. Roche 《Journal of cellular physiology》1996,166(1):130-137
Regulation of immune cell activation in lymphocyte-bearing human tissues is a pivotal host function, and metabolites of arachidonic acid (prostaglandin E2 in particular) have been reported to serve this function at non-mucosal sites. However, it is unknown whether prostaglandin E2 is immunoregulatory for the large lymphocyte population in the lamina propria of intestine; whether low (nM) concentrations of prostaglandin E2 modulate immune responses occurring there; and whether adjacent inflammation per se abrogates prostaglandin E2's regulatory effects. To address these issues, intestine-derived lymphocytes and T hybridoma cells were assessed, T cell activation was monitored by release of independently quantitated lymphokines, and dose-response studies were performed over an 8-log prostaglandin E2concentration range. IL-3 release by normal intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells was reduced (up to 78%) in a dose-dependent manner by prostaglandin E2, when present in as low a concentration as 10−10M. PGE2 also inhibited(by ≥ 60%) mucosal T lymphocytes' ability to destabilize the barrier function of human epithelial monolayers. Further, with an intestine-derived T lymphocyte hybridoma cell line, a prostaglandin E2 dose-dependent reduction in IL-3 and IL-2 (90 and 95%, respectively) was found; this was true for both mitogen- and antigen-driven T cell lymphokine release. Concomitant [3H] thymidine uptake studies suggested this was not due to a prostaglandin E2-induced reduction in T cell proliferation or viability. In contrast, cells from chronically inflamed intestinal mucosa were substantially less sensitive to prostaglandin E2, e.g., high concentrations (10−6 M) of prostaglandin E2 inhibited IL-3 release by only 41%. We conclude that prostaglandin E2 in nM concentrations is an important modulator of cytokine release from T lymphocytes derived from the gastrointestinal tract, and it may play a central role in regulation of lamina propria immunocyte populations residing there. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
149.
Hade Ramos Anne Monette Meijuan Niu Aldo Barrera Brenda Lpez-Ulloa Yazmín Fuentes Paola Guizar Karla Pino Luc DesGroseillers Andrew
J Mouland Marcelo Lpez-Lastra 《Nucleic acids research》2022,50(1):411
Translation initiation of the viral genomic mRNA (vRNA) of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) can be mediated by a cap- or an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent mechanism. A previous report shows that Staufen1, a cellular double-stranded (ds) RNA-binding protein (RBP), binds to the 5’untranslated region (5′UTR) of the HIV-1 vRNA and promotes its cap-dependent translation. In this study, we now evaluate the role of Staufen1 as an HIV-1 IRES-transacting factor (ITAF). We first confirm that Staufen1 associates with both the HIV-1 vRNA and the Gag protein during HIV-1 replication. We found that in HIV-1-expressing cells, siRNA-mediated depletion of Staufen1 reduces HIV-1 vRNA translation. Using dual-luciferase bicistronic mRNAs, we show that the siRNA-mediated depletion and cDNA-mediated overexpression of Staufen1 acutely regulates HIV-1 IRES activity. Furthermore, we show that Staufen1-vRNA interaction is required for the enhancement of HIV-1 IRES activity. Interestingly, we find that only Staufen1 harboring an intact dsRNA-binding domain 3 (dsRBD3) rescues HIV-1 IRES activity in Staufen1 CRISPR-Cas9 gene edited cells. Finally, we show that the expression of Staufen1-dsRBD3 alone enhances HIV-1 IRES activity. This study provides evidence of a novel role for Staufen1 as an ITAF promoting HIV-1 vRNA IRES activity. 相似文献