The effects of buffer condition on the fouling behavior of MVM virus filtration of an Fc-fusion protein

A combined pore blockage and cake filtration model was applied to the virus filtration of an Fc-fusion protein using the three commercially available filters, F-1, F-2, and F-3 in a range of buffer conditions including sodium-phosphate and tris-acetate buffers with and without 200 mM NaCl at pH 7.5. The fouling behaviors of the three filters for the feed solutions spiked with minute virus of mice were described well by this combined model for all the solution conditions. This suggests that fouling of the virus filters is dominated by the pore blockage mechanism during the initial stage of the filtration and transformed to the cake filtration mechanism during the later stage of the filtration. Both flux and transmembrane resistance can be described well by this model. The pore blockage rate and the rate of increase of protein layer resistance over blocked pores are found to be affected by membrane properties as well as the solution conditions resulting from the modulation of interactions between virus, protein, and membrane by the solution conditions.     

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) protects photosynthetic apparatus of wheat under drought stress

Photosynthesis Research - Drought stress (DS) is amongst one of the abiotic factors affecting plant growth by limiting productivity of crops by inhibiting photosynthesis. Damage due to DS and its...     

Genetic engineering of indica rice with AtDREB1A gene for enhanced abiotic stress tolerance

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Adventitious root (AR) culturing is an effective approach for obtaining bioactive compounds from the endangered plant species of Oplopanax elatus...     

Aspergillus terreus Causing Probable Invasive Aspergillosis in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis

Mycopathologia - Aspergillus terreus may colonize the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Whether this merits antifungal treatment is still unclear due to heterogeneous reports regarding...     

Possible Molecular Mediators Involved and Mechanistic Insight into Fibromyalgia and Associated Co-morbidities

Neurochemical Research - Fibromyalgia is a chronic complex syndrome of non-articulate origin characterized by musculoskeletal pain, painful tender points, sleep problems and co-morbidities...     

Breakpoint mapping of a novel de novo translocation t(X;20)(q11.1;p13) by positional cloning and long read sequencing

Disease associated chromosomal rearrangements often have break points located within disease causing genes or in their vicinity. The purpose of this study is to characterize a balanced reciprocal translocation in a girl with intellectual disability and seizures by positional cloning and whole genome sequencing. The translocation was identification by G- banding and confirmed by WCP FISH. Fine mapping using BAC clones and whole genome sequencing using Oxford nanopore long read sequencing technology for a 1.46 X coverage of the genome was done. The positional cloning showed split signals with BAC RP11-943 J20. Long read sequencing analysis of chimeric reads carrying parts of chromosomes X and 20 helped to identify the breakpoints to be in intron 2 of ARHGEF9 gene on Xp11.1 and on 20p13 between RASSF2 and SLC23A2 genes. This is the first report of translocation which successfully delineated to single base resolution using Nanopore sequencing. The genotype-phenotype correlation is discussed.     

Gene co-expression network analysis for identifying genetic markers in Parkinson's disease - a three-way comparative approach

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving progressive deterioration of dopaminergic neurons. Although few genetic markers for familial PD are known, the etiology of sporadic PD remains poorly understood. Microarray data was analysed for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from PD patients and mature neuronal cells (mDA) differentiated from these iPSCs. Combining expression and semantic similarity, a highly-correlated PD interactome was constructed that included interactions of established Parkinson's disease marker genes. A novel three-way comparative approach was employed, delineating topologically and functionally important genes. These genes showed involvement in pathways like Parkin-ubiquitin proteosomal system (UPS), immune associated biological processes and apoptosis. Of interest are three genes, eEF1A1, CASK, and PSMD6 that are linked to PARK2 activity in the cell and thereby form attractive candidate genes for understanding PD. Network biology approach delineated in this study can be applied to other neurodegenerative disorders for identification of important genetic regulators.     

Genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of Excretory/Secretory proteins in nematodes provide potential drug targets for parasite control

Nematodes are responsible for causing severe diseases in plants, humans and other animals. Infection is associated with the release of Excretory/Secretory (ES) proteins into host cytoplasm and interference with the host immune system which make them attractive targets for therapeutic use. The identification of ES proteins through bioinformatics approaches is cost- and time-effective and could be used for screening of potential targets for parasitic diseases for further experimental studies. Here, we identified and functionally annotated 93,949 ES proteins, in the genome of 73 nematodes using integration of various bioinformatics tools. 30.6% of ES proteins were found to be supported at RNA level. The predicted ES proteins, annotated by Gene Ontology terms, domains, metabolic pathways, proteases and enzyme class analysis were enriched in molecular functions of proteases, protease inhibitors, c-type lectin and hydrolases which are strongly associated with typical functions of ES proteins. We identified a total of 452 ES proteins from human and plant parasitic nematodes, homologues to DrugBank-approved targets and C. elegans RNA interference phenotype genes which could represent potential targets for parasite control and provide valuable resource for further experimental studies to understand host-pathogen interactions.