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Md Ruhul Amin Nabanita Paul Nancy Md Ramiz Uddin Miah Md Giashuddin Miah Ohseok Kwon Sang Jae Suh 《Entomological Research》2019,49(5):223-228
The study was conducted with the aim of furthering our understanding of seasonality in the population dynamics and infestation rates of the fruit fly Bactrocera spp. in sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata) during winter and summer in 2017. We also investigated the effects of using methyl eugenol traps on fly abundance and infestation. Two fruit fly species, namely, B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, were present in the sweet gourd field, and we observed fluctuations in their abundance. Compared to B. dorsalis, B. cucurbitae was significantly more abundant in both winter and summer. Infestation level was found to be the highest in fields lacking methyl eugenol traps in both seasons. Fruit fly larval population per infested fruit was higher in summer than in winter. Fly abundance was significantly and positively correlated with mean temperature and rainfall but significantly and negatively correlated with light intensity. Relative humidity was insignificantly but positively correlated with fly abundance. The temperature, light intensity, relative humidity, and rainfall individually explained 48.9, 24.1, 0.8, and 1.6% of variation in fruit fly abundance, respectively. The combined effect of the weather parameters on fruit fly abundance was 75.4% and was significant predictor of fruit fly abundance. 相似文献
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Hunhee Lim Donghun Kim Min‐Jae Choi Edward H. Sargent Yeon Sik Jung Jin Young Kim 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(48)
Quantum‐dot (QD) photovoltaics (PVs) offer promise as energy‐conversion devices; however, their open‐circuit‐voltage (VOC) deficit is excessively large. Previous work has identified factors related to the QD active layer that contribute to VOC loss, including sub‐bandgap trap states and polydispersity in QD films. This work focuses instead on layer interfaces, and reveals a critical source of VOC loss: electron leakage at the QD/hole‐transport layer (HTL) interface. Although large‐bandgap organic materials in HTL are potentially suited to minimizing leakage current, dipoles that form at an organic/metal interface impede control over optimal band alignments. To overcome the challenge, a bilayer HTL configuration, which consists of semiconducting alpha‐sexithiophene (α‐6T) and metallic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), is introduced. The introduction of the PEDOT:PSS layer between α‐6T and Au electrode suppresses the formation of undesired interfacial dipoles and a Schottky barrier for holes, and the bilayer HTL provides a high electron barrier of 1.35 eV. Using bilayer HTLs enhances the VOC by 74 mV without compromising the JSC compared to conventional MoO3 control devices, leading to a best power conversion efficiency of 9.2% (>40% improvement relative to relevant controls). Wider applicability of the bilayer strategy is demonstrated by a similar structure based on shallow lowest‐unoccupied‐molecular‐orbital (LUMO) levels. 相似文献
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Birong Zhang James R. Kiefer Robert A. Blake Jae H. Chang Steven Hartman Ellen Rei Ingalla Tracy Kleinheinz Vidhi Mody Michelle Nannini Daniel F. Ortwine Yingqing Ran Amy Sambrone Deepak Sampath Maia Vinogradova Yu Zhong Jerome C. Nwachukwu Kendall W. Nettles Tommy Lai Jun Liang 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2019,29(7):905-911
Despite tremendous progress made in the understanding of the ERα signaling pathway and the approval of many therapeutic agents, ER+?breast cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer death in women. We set out to discover compounds with a dual mechanism of action in which they not only compete with estradiol for binding with ERα, but also can induce the degradation of the ERα protein itself. We were attracted to the constrained chromenes containing a tetracyclic benzopyranobenzoxepine scaffold, which were reported as potent selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Incorporation of a fluoromethyl azetidine side chain yielded highly potent and efficacious selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), such as 16aa and surprisingly, also its enantiomeric pair 16ab. Co-crystal structures of the enantiomeric pair 16aa and 16ab in complex with ERα revealed default (mimics the A-D rings of endogenous ligand estradiol) and core-flipped binding modes, rationalizing the equivalent potency observed for these enantiomers in the ERα degradation and MCF-7 anti-proliferation assays. 相似文献