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111.
Jennifer Hanratty Nuala Livingstone Shannon Robalino Caroline B. Terwee Magdalena Glod Inalegwu P. Oono Jacqui Rodgers Geraldine Macdonald Helen McConachie 《PloS one》2015,10(12)
Background
Behaviour problems are common in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are many different tools used to measure behavior problems but little is known about their validity for the population.Objectives
To evaluate the measurement properties of behaviour problems tools used in evaluation of intervention or observational research studies with children with ASD up to the age of six years.Methods
Behaviour measurement tools were identified as part of a larger, two stage, systematic review. First, sixteen major electronic databases, as well as grey literature and research registers were searched, and tools used listed and categorized. Second, using methodological filters, we searched for articles examining the measurement properties of the tools in use with young children with ASD in ERIC, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. The quality of these papers was then evaluated using the COSMIN checklist.Results
We identified twelve tools which had been used to measure behaviour problems in young children with ASD, and fifteen studies which investigated the measurement properties of six of these tools. There was no evidence available for the remaining six tools. Two questionnaires were found to be the most robust in their measurement properties, the Child Behavior Checklist and the Home Situations Questionnaire—Pervasive Developmental Disorders version.Conclusions
We found patchy evidence on reliability and validity, for only a few of the tools used to measure behaviour problems in young children with ASD. More systematic research is required on measurement properties of tools for use in this population, in particular to establish responsiveness to change which is essential in measurement of outcomes of intervention.PROSPERO Registration Number
CRD42012002223 相似文献112.
G.M.C. Renshaw G. Wise P.R. Dodd 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2010,155(4):486-492
Interactions between coral reef topography, tide cycles, and photoperiod provided selection pressure for adaptive physiological changes in sheltered hypoxic niches to be exploited by specialized tropical reef fish. The epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum withstands cyclic hypoxia in its natural environment, many hours of experimental hypoxia, and anoxia for up to 5 h. It shows neuronal hypometabolism in response to 5% oxygen saturation. Northern-hemisphere hypoxia- and anoxia-tolerant vertebrates that over-winter under ice alter their inhibitory to excitatory neurotransmitter balance to forestall brain ATP depletion in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation. GABA immunochemistry, HPLC analysis and receptor binding studies in H. ocellatum cerebellum revealed a heterogeneous regional accumulation of neuronal GABA despite no change in its overall concentration, and a significant increase in GABAA receptor density without altered binding affinity. Increased GABAA receptor density would protect the cerebellum during reoxygenation when transmitter release resumes. While all hypoxia- and anoxia-tolerant teleosts examined to date respond to low oxygen levels by elevating brain GABA, the phylogenetically older epaulette shark did not, suggesting that it uses an alternative neuroprotective mechanism for energy conservation. This may reflect an inherent phylogenetic difference, or represent a novel ecophysiological adaptation to cyclic variations in the availability of oxygen. 相似文献
113.
114.
Ru Zhang Robert R. Wise Kimberly R. Struck Thomas D. Sharkey 《Photosynthesis research》2010,105(2):123-134
Photosynthesis is inhibited by heat stress. This inhibition is rapidly reversible when heat stress is moderate but irreversible
at higher temperature. Absorbance changes can be used to detect a variety of biophysical parameters in intact leaves. We found
that moderate heat stress caused a large reduction of the apparent absorbance of green light in light-adapted, intact Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Three mechanisms that can affect green light absorbance of leaves, namely, zeaxanthin accumulation (absorbance peak
at 505 nm), the electrochromic shift (ECS) of carotenoid absorption spectra (peak at 518 nm), and light scattering (peak at
535 nm) were investigated. The change of green light absorbance caused by heat treatment was not caused by changes of zeaxanthin
content nor by the ECS. The formation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), chloroplast movements, and chloroplast swelling
and shrinkage can all affect light scattering inside leaves. The formation of NPQ under high temperature was not well correlated
with the heat-induced absorbance change, and light microscopy revealed no appreciable changes of chloroplast location because
of heat treatment. Transmission electron microscopy results showed swollen chloroplasts and increased number of plastoglobules
in heat-treated leaves, indicating that the structural changes of chloroplasts and thylakoids are significant results of moderate
heat stress and may explain the reduced apparent absorbance of green light under moderately high temperature. 相似文献
115.
Vance L Trudeau Gustavo M Somoza Guillermo S Natale Bruce Pauli Jacqui Wignall Paula Jackman Ken Doe Fredrick W Schueler 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2010,8(1):36
Background
It is well known that many anurans do not reproduce easily in captivity. Some methods are based on administration of mammalian hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, which are not effective in many frogs. There is a need for simple, cost-effective alternative techniques to induce spawning. 相似文献116.
Visvanathan S Rahman MU Keystone E Genovese M Klareskog L Hsia E Mack M Buchanan J Elashoff M Wagner C 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(6):R211
Introduction
The goal of this study was to identify serum markers that are modulated by treatment with golimumab with or without methotrexate (MTX) and are associated with clinical response. 相似文献117.
Normal red blood cells and irreversibly sickled red cells (ISCs) were incubated in Concanavalin A (Con A) prior to freeze-etching. The Con A molecules could be visualized on the cells without conjugating the Con A to a larger molecule. No differences in the number or distribution of the Con A binding sites were observed between normal red cells and ISCs. Moreover, the number and distribution of the intramembranous particles (IMP) present on the fracture face of the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet were the same in normal cells and ISCs. Thus, the membrane differences that do exist between normal red cells and ISCs in terms of cell shape and adhesiveness are not reflected in Con A binding or IMP number and distribution. 相似文献
118.
Wise MJ 《The New phytologist》2007,175(4):773-784
As part of a study of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of herbivore resistance in Solanum carolinense (horsenettle), potential genetic constraints to the evolution of resistance to 11 of its most common herbivores were investigated. Leaf, flower, fruit, and stem herbivory were measured in a field experiment involving 24 ramets of each of 40 horsenettle genets. The experimental plant population contained significant genetic variation for resistance to all 11 species of herbivore. For only one species was there an indication of a genotype-by-environment interaction in the expression of resistance that might constrain its evolution. Genetic correlations in resistance to different species were common but not universal, with seven negative and 12 positive correlations out of the 55 pairwise species comparisons. Correlations were independent of plant part fed upon. The evolution of the resistance of horsenettle to most of its diverse community of herbivores does not appear to be prevented by a lack of genetic variation or by genotype-by-environment interactions in resistance. Negative genetic correlations in resistance to different herbivores may play a small role in slowing the evolution of resistance, but positive correlations may play at least as large a role in facilitating its evolution. 相似文献
119.
CHD7 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to idiopathic scoliosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
120.
Day LB Fusani L Hernandez E Billo TJ Sheldon KS Wise PM Schlinger BA 《Hormones and behavior》2007,51(1):69-76
Male golden-collared manakins gather on leks and perform an acrobatic display to attract females. In temperate breeding species, testosterone (T) activation of courtship displays has been well studied. Few studies have examined T activation of displays in tropical species; even fewer have explored the activational role of T in elaborate courtship displays such as in the manakin. In some tropical species, including manakins, territorial aggression or song behavior are uncoupled from T. We have previously shown that T activates display behavior in manakin males when endogenous T levels are low in the non-courtship season. To understand how T functions in breeding birds, we examined T levels in a large group of manakins sampled during the courtship and non-courtship season. In addition, during the courtship season, we gave T implants to adult males, juvenile males, and females. We found that T levels were low during the non-courtship season and comparatively higher on average during the courtship season. However, T levels were low in many adult males during the courtship season, especially when compared to temperate breeding species. Regardless of initial endogenous T levels during the courtship season, T implants did not increase the display frequency of adult males. T-treated females and juvenile males did display under similar conditions. Our data suggest that the effects of T on manakin display vary with season, sex, and age and that high T is not necessary for display. 相似文献