全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18926篇 |
免费 | 1569篇 |
国内免费 | 225篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 96篇 |
2022年 | 179篇 |
2021年 | 404篇 |
2020年 | 249篇 |
2019年 | 280篇 |
2018年 | 352篇 |
2017年 | 292篇 |
2016年 | 453篇 |
2015年 | 770篇 |
2014年 | 782篇 |
2013年 | 1001篇 |
2012年 | 1179篇 |
2011年 | 1149篇 |
2010年 | 782篇 |
2009年 | 714篇 |
2008年 | 978篇 |
2007年 | 929篇 |
2006年 | 855篇 |
2005年 | 803篇 |
2004年 | 851篇 |
2003年 | 783篇 |
2002年 | 764篇 |
2001年 | 488篇 |
2000年 | 410篇 |
1999年 | 409篇 |
1998年 | 270篇 |
1997年 | 177篇 |
1996年 | 183篇 |
1995年 | 221篇 |
1994年 | 167篇 |
1993年 | 176篇 |
1992年 | 238篇 |
1991年 | 255篇 |
1990年 | 211篇 |
1989年 | 215篇 |
1988年 | 189篇 |
1987年 | 168篇 |
1986年 | 156篇 |
1985年 | 167篇 |
1984年 | 169篇 |
1983年 | 139篇 |
1982年 | 125篇 |
1981年 | 135篇 |
1980年 | 120篇 |
1979年 | 124篇 |
1978年 | 117篇 |
1977年 | 104篇 |
1976年 | 72篇 |
1975年 | 87篇 |
1974年 | 84篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
971.
Sylvia R Silveira Constance Le Gloanec Andrea Gmez-Felipe Anne-Lise Routier-Kierzkowska Daniel Kierzkowski 《Plant physiology》2022,188(2):769
Development of multicellular organisms is a complex process involving precise coordination of growth among individual cells. Understanding organogenesis requires measurements of cellular behaviors over space and time. In plants, such a quantitative approach has been successfully used to dissect organ development in both leaves and external floral organs, such as sepals. However, the observation of floral reproductive organs is hampered as they develop inside tightly closed floral buds, and are therefore difficult to access for imaging. We developed a confocal time-lapse imaging method, applied here to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which allows full quantitative characterization of the development of stamens, the male reproductive organs. Our lineage tracing reveals the early specification of the filament and the anther. Formation of the anther lobes is associated with a temporal increase of growth at the lobe surface that correlates with intensive growth of the developing locule. Filament development is very dynamic and passes through three distinct phases: (1) initial intense, anisotropic growth, and high cell proliferation; (2) restriction of growth and proliferation to the filament proximal region; and (3) resumption of intense and anisotropic growth, displaced to the distal portion of the filament, without cell proliferation. This quantitative atlas of cellular growth dynamics provides a solid framework for future studies into stamen development. 相似文献
972.
973.
974.
M. Christiane Brahimi-Horn Sandra Lacas-Gervais Ricardo Adaixo Karine Ilc Matthieu Rouleau Annick Notte Marc Dieu Carine Michiels Thibault Voeltzel Vronique Maguer-Satta Joffrey Pelletier Marius Ilie Paul Hofman Bndicte Manoury Alexander Schmidt Sebastian Hiller Jacques Pouyssgur Nathalie M. Mazure 《Molecular and cellular biology》2022,42(1)
975.
976.
Brahim Selmaoui Andre Bogdan Andre Auzeby Jacques Lambrozo Yvan Touitou 《Bioelectromagnetics》1996,17(5):364-372
Some epidemiological studies report a relationship between magnetic field exposure and such human diseases as leukemia and immune system disturbances. The few published studies on animals do not demonstrate field exposure-related alterations in hematologic and immune systems. The data presented here are part of a broader study designed to investigate the possible effects of acute exposure to a 50 Hz linearly polarized magnetic field (10 μT) on hematologic and immunologic functions. Thirty-two young men (20–30 years old) were divided into two groups (control group, i.e., sham-exposed, 16 subjects; exposed group, 16 subjects). All subjects participated in two 24 h experiments to evaluate the effects of both continuous and intermittent (1 h “off” and 1 h with the field switched “on” and “off” every 15 s) exposure to linearly polarized magnetic fields. The subjects were exposed to the magnetic field (generated by three Helmholtz coils per bed) from 23:00 to 08:00 while lying down. Blood samples were collected during each session at 3 h intervals from 11:00 to 20:00 and hourly from 22:00 to 08:00. No significant differences were observed between sham-exposed (control) and exposed men for hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red blood cells, platelets, total leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, or neutrophils. Immunologic variables [CD3, CD4, CD8, natural killer (NK) cells and B cells] were unaltered. To our knowledge, this study is the first to document the effects of a 50 Hz magnetic field on the circadian rhythm of human hematologic and immune functions, and it suggests that acute exposure to either a continuous or an intermittent 50 Hz linearly polarized magnetic field of 10 μT, at least under the conditions of our experiment, does not affect either these functions or their circadian rhythms in healthy young men. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
977.
978.
Vigilance behavior is considered as an effective strategy for prey species to detect predators.An individual benefits from living in a group by reducing the time spent being vigilant without affecting the probability of detecting a predator.However,the mechanism producing a decrease in vigilance with increasing group size is unclear.Many models of vigilance assume that group members scan independently of one another.Yet in recent studies,the other 2 patterns of vigilance,coordination and synchronization,were reported in some species.In 2 summers(2018 and 2019),we studied the group-size effect on vigilance and foraging of Tibetan wild ass in Chang Tang Nature Reserve of Tibet.We also tested whether individuals scan the environment independently,tend to coordinate their scans,or tend to synchronize their vigilance.The results showed that individuals decreased the time spent on vigilance with increasing group size,while increased the time spent foraging.Group members scanned the environment at the same time more frequently and there was a positive correlation between group members'behaviors,indicating that Tibetan wild asses tend to synchronize their vigilance. 相似文献
979.
Truong Xuan Dai Hoang Nghia Son Ho Nguyen Quynh Chi Hoang Nghia Quang Huy Nguyen Thai Minh Nguyen Thi Thuy Tram Nguyen Thi Thuong Huyen To Minh Quan Doan Chinh Chung Truong Hai Nhung Tran Thi Minh Tran Hong Diem Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai Le Thanh Long 《Current issues in molecular biology》2021,43(3):2210
Astronauts are always faced with serious health problems during prolonged spaceflights. Previous studies have shown that weightlessness significantly affects the physiological function of female astronauts, including a change in reproductive hormones and ovarian cells, such as granulosa and theca cells. However, the effects of microgravity on these cells have not been well characterized, especially in granulosa cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on the proliferation and morphology of porcine granulosa cells (pGCs). pGC proliferation from the SMG group was inhibited, demonstrated by the reduced O.D. value and cell density in the WST-1 assay and cell number counting. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited an increased ratio of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decreased ratio of cells in the S and G2/M phase. Western blot analysis indicated a down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (cdk6), leading to the prevention of the G1-S transition and inducing the arrest phase. pGCs under the SMG condition showed an increase in nuclear area. This caused a reduction in nuclear shape value in pGCs under the SMG condition. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited different morphologies, including fibroblast-like shape, rhomboid shape, and pebble-like shape. These results revealed that SMG inhibited proliferation and induced morphological changes in pGCs. 相似文献
980.