Effect of nitrate on the synthesis and decay of nitrate reductase of Neurospora

1. A method was developed to examine the turnover of nitrate reductase by the use of tungstate. 2. Evidence is presented which suggests that the disappearance of nitrate reductase activity from Neurospora mycelia exposed to non-inducing conditions is due to the disappearance of the enzyme protein(s) from the mycelia, and not merely due to the disappearance of its (their) catalytic power. 3. The presence of NO(3) (-) in the culture medium slows down the rate of degradation of nitrate reductase in Neurospora in vivo.     

Secondary and Apparent Primary Antibody Responses After Group A Streptococcal Vaccination of 21 Children

A partially purified M protein, extracted from a mouse-virulent strain of type 3, group A streptococcus, was administered subcutaneously in gradually increasing amounts at weekly intervals to 21 children in a Family Program. Seven children with type 3 bactericidal antibody in prevaccination sera showed a secondary response. Of 14 children with no detectable type 3 bactericidal antibody prior to vaccination, 13 developed definite type 3 antibody during or soon after vaccination. This response appeared to be of the primary variety in at least some of the 13 children because (i) the total incidence of antibody response (20 of 21) was greater than can be accounted for by the documented incidence of clinical and subclinical type 3 infections among children of our Family Program during a period of 14 years, (ii) the response in the 13 children with no detectable antibody prior to vaccination was more delayed than in those showing a definite secondary response, and (iii) on the average, the amount of vaccine needed for a response in these 13 children was 15 to 28 times greater than that required for the secondary response. Local skin reactions were variable among the vaccinated children. Systemic reactions were infrequent and not severe. The giving of multiple injections of partially purified M protein did not seem to cause cutaneous hypersensitivity.     

A new method for the quantitative determination of monosaccharides, amino sugars and N-acetylneuraminic acid and of 6-deoxyhexose (fucose) in the presence of other sugars

1. Monosaccharides, amino sugars and N-acetylneuraminic acid were determined by using an original colorimetric assay procedure, based on the detection of formaldehyde released after periodate oxidation. A range of these compounds was investigated by this method and they were all found to obey Beer's law within the concentration range 0-0.6mumole/ml. 2. A simple method for the determination of 6-deoxyhexose concentration in the presence of other monosaccharides is also described. 3. The optimum pH for the release of formaldehyde from sugars by periodate oxidation was 7.0-7.5. 4. The methods described have considerable advantages over existing assay systems and their particlar value in automatic colorimetry, where the use of concentrated acids is undesirable, is discussed.     

Quantitative study of sensitive and lysogenic bacteria surviving infection of aStaphylococcus by a temperate bacteriophage

Infection of a culture ofStaphylococcus aureus by a phage left more surviving colony-forming, sensitive bacteria than might be expected from the calculation of P_o according to the Poisson distribution. The discrepancy could at least partly be explained by the heterogeneity in surface area of the colony-forming units before infection. The ratio lysogens/lysed cells shows a tendency to decrease when multiplicity is increased from 6 to 130.The experiments stress the influence of the bacterial density on the adsorption rate constant of the bacteriophage.Single step growth curve experiments gave low burst size values. The latent period was about 30 min. The stationary period began 45 to 50 min after infection.     

Carbon catabolite regulation of rebeccamycin production inSaccharothrix aerocolonigenes

Summary A new antitumor antibiotic named rebeccamycin was isolated from fermentations of an actinomycete,Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes. A defined medium was developed to study the regulation of synthesis of rebeccamycin byS. aerocolonigenes. In glucose medium formation of rebeccamycin was detected only after glucose was depleted. Examination of eleven different carbon sources revealed that carbon catabolite regulation is a major control mechanism for rebeccamycin production.