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排序方式: 共有436条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
351.
Rute ST Martins Laurence AM Deloffre Constantinos C Mylonas Deborah M Power Adelino VM Canário 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2007,5(1):19
Background
DAX1 (NR0B1), a member of the nuclear receptors super family, has been shown to be involved in the genetic sex determination and in gonadal differentiation in several vertebrate species. In the aquaculture fish European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and in the generality of fish species, the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation have not been elucidated. The present study aimed at characterizing the European DAX1 gene and its developmental expression at the mRNA level. 相似文献352.
353.
G Fürstenberger H Hagedorn T Jacobi E Besemfelder M Stephan W D Lehmann F Marks 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1991,266(24):15738-15745
An enzymatic activity has been found in cytosolic preparations from mouse epidermis which catalyzes the formation of 8-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/8-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (8-HPETE/8-HETE) from arachidonate. In contrast to 12-lipoxygenase this enzyme activity was not detectable in normal (untreated) mouse skin but only after in vivo treatment with the phorbol ester tumor promoter TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate). The induction showed a maximum at 24 h after TPA treatment strictly depended on the age of the mice and the TPA dose and was prevented by cycloheximide. The primary product formed from arachidonic acid was 8-HPETE, and the enzyme seems not to possess a significant peroxidase activity. This result as well as studies with specific inhibitors and its cytosolic localization indicates this enzyme to be a member of the lipoxygenase family. Most of the 8-lipoxygenase activity is located in cells of the suprabasal compartment of the epidermis. In spite of being a cytosolic enzyme 8-lipoxygenase appeared to be lipophilic to some extent and was activated by lecithin. The enzyme did not require calcium ions or ATP and showed a pH optimum at 7.5-8.0. 8-HPETE/8-HETE levels in mouse epidermis in vivo were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and found to be strongly increased after phorbol ester treatment, in agreement with the induction of 8-lipoxygenase observed. 相似文献
354.
High copy number of highly similar mariner-like transposons in planarian (Platyhelminthe): evidence for a trans-phyla horizontal transfer 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
Garcia-Fernandez J; Bayascas-Ramirez JR; Marfany G; Munoz-Marmol AM; Casali A; Baguna J; Salo E 《Molecular biology and evolution》1995,12(3):421-431
Several DNA sequences similar to the mariner element were isolated and
characterized in the platyhelminthe Dugesia (Girardia) tigrina. They were
1,288 bp long, flanked by two 32 bp-inverted repeats, and contained a
single 339 amino acid open-reading frame (ORF) encoding the transposase.
The number of copies of this element is approximately 8,000 per haploid
genome, constituting a member of the middle- repetitive DNA of Dugesia
tigrina. Sequence analysis of several elements showed a high percentage of
conservation between the different copies. Most of them presented an intact
ORF and the standard signals of actively expressed genes, which suggests
that some of them are or have recently been functional transposons. The
high degree of similarity shared with other mariner elements from some
arthropods, together with the fact that this element is undetectable in
other planarian species, strongly suggests a case of horizontal transfer
between these two distant phyla.
相似文献
355.
Assessing horizontal transfer of nifHDK genes in eubacteria: nucleotide sequence of nifK from Frankia strain HFPCcI3 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Hirsch AM; McKhann HI; Reddy A; Liao J; Fang Y; Marshall CR 《Molecular biology and evolution》1995,12(1):16-27
The structural genes for nitrogenase, nifK, nifD, and nifH, are crucial for
nitrogen fixation. Previous phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid
sequence of nifH suggested that this gene had been horizontally transferred
from a proteobacterium to the gram-positive/cyanobacterial clade, although
the confounding effects of paralogous comparisons made interpretation of
the data difficult. An additional test of nif gene horizontal transfer
using nifD was made, but the NifD phylogeny lacked resolution. Here nif
gene phylogeny is addressed with a phylogenetic analysis of a third and
longer nif gene, nifK. As part of the study, the nifK gene of the key taxon
Frankia was sequenced. Parsimony and some distance analyses of the nifK
amino acid sequences provide support for vertical descent of nifK, but
other distance trees provide support for the lateral transfer of the gene.
Bootstrap support was found for both hypotheses in all trees; the nifK data
do not definitively favor one or the other hypothesis. A parsimony analysis
of NifH provides support for horizontal transfer in accord with previous
reports, although bootstrap analysis also shows some support for vertical
descent of the orthologous nifH genes. A wider sampling of taxa and more
sophisticated methods of phylogenetic inference are needed to understand
the evolution of nif genes. The nif genes may also be powerful phylogenetic
tools. If nifK evolved by vertical descent, it provides strong evidence
that the cyanobacteria and proteobacteria are sister groups to the
exclusion of the firmicutes, whereas 16S rRNA sequences are unable to
resolve the relationships of these three major eubacterial lineages.
相似文献
356.
357.
MANO SABARATN AM 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1971,18(1):141-146
SYNOPSIS. Gregarina fernandoi n. sp. is a eugregarine. Its structure, development and life history in the gut of the cockroach Pycnoscelus surinamensis are described. It is named as a new species on the basis of its size, nuclear structure, structure and form of the gametocyst and oocyst. Observations were made on the different stages of the parasite and related to the pH of the gut. In the ceca, pH 4.5–5, the parasite was in its early stages of development, in the midgut, pH 6.5–7, it was in syzygy and in the rectum, pH 7.5–8, gametocysts were found. 相似文献
358.
W. Jacobi 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》1965,2(4):282-300
Zusammenfassung Die natürliche Strahleneinwirkung auf den menschlichen Atemtrakt wird im wesentlichen durch die Inhalation der kurzlebigen Zerfallsprodukte des Radons (Rn222) und Thorons (Rn220) verursacht. Ausgehend von der Größenverteilung des natürlich radioaktiven Aerosols und dem Landahlschen Lungenmodell wird die Abscheidung der Zerfallsprodukte in den einzelnen Regionen des Atemtrakts abgeschätzt. Die resultierende Aktivitätsverteilung wird unter Berücksichtigung des Ciliartransports und der Lungenausscheidung ermittelt. Die zugehörige Tiefendosisverteilung im Bronchialepithel wird angegeben, wobei die oc-Absorption in der Schleimschicht und die Abhängigkeit des-Bremsvermögens von der Energie berücksichtigt werden. Es zeigt sich, daß die natürliche Strahlenein Wirkung auf das Bronchialepithel erheblich höher sein dürfte, als auf Grund der bisherigen, stark vereinfachenden Abschätzungen angenommen wurde. Die maximale Dosisleistung ist im Bereich der mittleren Bronchien zu erwarten, wo mit einer mittleren natürlichen Belastung der Basalzellen von etwa 100 mrad/a bzw. 1 rem/a zu rechnen ist. Die Ergebnisse werden auch im Hinblick auf die Inhalation von Po210 beim Rauchen diskutiert.
Erweitertes Manuskript eines Vortrags auf der Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Biophysik in Homburg/Saar vom 23. bis 24. April 1965. 相似文献
Summary The natural radiation exposure of the human respiratory tract is mainly caused by the inhalation of the short-lived decay products of radon (Rn222) and thoron (Rn220). From the particle size distribution of the carrier aerosol of these decay products their deposition in different regions of the human respiratory tract and the resulting activity distribution is estimated for normal breathing conditions, taking into account the biological elimination from the alveolar region and the ciliar transport in the bronchial tree. The corresponding-depth dose distribution in the bronchial epithelium is derived, taking into account the-absorption and the variation of stopping power with-energy. The resulting natural radiation exposure of the bronchial epithelium is considerably higher than it was hitherto assumed. The maximum dose rate is reached in the segmental and subsegmental bronchi, where a mean natural radiation exposure of about 100 mrad/a or 1 rem/a must be expected in the basal cell layer. The results are discussed and compared with the RaF (Po210)-inhalation dose by cigarette smoking.
Erweitertes Manuskript eines Vortrags auf der Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Biophysik in Homburg/Saar vom 23. bis 24. April 1965. 相似文献
359.
360.
Short repetitive sequences in green algal mitochondrial genomes: potential roles in mitochondrial genome evolution 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Current data on green algal mitochondrial genomes suggest an unexpected
dichotomy within the group with respect to genome structure, organization,
and sequence affiliations. The present study suggests that there is a
correlation between this dichotomy on one hand and the differences in the
abundance, base composition, and distribution of short repetitive sequences
we observed among green algal mitochondrial genomes on the other. It is
conceivable that the accumulation of GC- rich short repeated sequences in
the Chlamydomonas-like but not Prototheca-like mitochondrial genomes might
have triggered evolutionary events responsible for the distinct series of
evolutionary changes undergone by the two green algal mitochondrial
lineages. The similarity in base composition, nucleotide sequence,
abundance, and mode of organization we observed between the short
repetitive sequences present in Chlamydomonas-like mitochondrial genomes on
one hand and fungal and vertebrate homologs on the other might extend to
some of the roles that the short repetitive sequences have been shown to
have in the latter. Potential involvements we propose for the short
repetitive sequences in the evolution of Chlamydomonas-like mitochondrial
genomes include fragmentation and scrambling of the ribosomal-RNA-coding
regions, extensive gene rearrangements, coding-region deletions, surrogate
origins of replication, and chromosomal linearization.
相似文献