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31.
Results were compared between the latex paint and compressed air methods for determining total vessel lengths, and between the sectioning and maceration methods for determining vessel diameters. The minimum, mean, median, and maximum vessel diameters were less with the sectioning method than with the maceration technique. Vessel diameter distributions were always nonnormal and had roughly similar patterns with the two techniques, but were statistically different from one another. In all six species where the paint and air methods for determining vessel length were compared, both methods showed a similar skewed vessel length distribution, with many short vessels and few long ones. Although there was no consistent pattern to the difference in results with these two methods, the vessel length frequency distributions were statistically different from one another. With the paint method, many vessels, especially many of the narrowest ones, were not paint-filled at the paint infusion port. The air method utilized the paint method, in part, and, in addition, is based upon the incorrect assumption that all vessels in the stem are the same diameter. Both techniques tended to exclude vessel lengths of the narrowest vessels. However, the narrow vessels, although numerous, contributed an insignificant amount to the total theoretical hydraulic conductance in stems. 相似文献
32.
33.
A bending technique was used to infer the spatial distributions of rheological properties within the growth zone of the root of corn, Zea mays. “Bending modulus” (ratio of stress to strain, calculated from engineering theory of bending) falls from 20 MPa near the root tip (3 mm from the tip) to 6 MPa at the location 6 mm from the tip and then remains uniform through the basal region of the growth zone. Where growth stops, at 11–12 mm, there is a sharp rise in bending modulus. The profile of bending moduli is not changed by root incubation temperature during the growth period prior to bending, but it is shifted to the left in roots growing more slowly than the average at either of two temperatures (19 and 29 C). The spatial distribution of “compliance” (reciprocal of bending modulus and a measure of tissue extensibility) resembles the distribution of swelling in response to osmotic perturbation. The distribution of compliance does not parallel that of growth rate. Attempts to explain the discrepancy between compliance and growth rate lead us to examine the theoretical basis for the calculations and to suggest that the dependence of compliance on rate of stretching is physiologically important. 相似文献
34.
Cardiac and coronary consequences of intracoronary platelet activating factor infusion in the domestic pig 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In previous studies we have shown that platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent vasoactive substance with deleterious effects on coronary blood flow (CBF) and myocardial performance. The present study further investigates the effects of PAF during its sustained intracoronary infusion in the blood-perfused domestic pig (n = 16). PAF infusion (1-9 nmol/min) produced triphasic changes in CBF (n = 7): an initial brief phase of coronary dilation (14 +/- 2% above baseline), followed by severe reduction in CBF due to increase in coronary vascular resistance and a third phase of escape that was characterized by return of CBF towards baseline in spite of continuing PAF infusion. In 9 remaining pigs PAF infusion had a biphasic response: the first phase of coronary dilation rapidly turned into severe coronary constriction accompanied by severe systemic hypotension and death within a few min. PAF infusion caused a profound rise in systemic arterial and coronary venous thromboxane B2 levels, while 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and leukotriene C4-immunoreactivity levels were not changed. Indomethacin completely blocked the rise in thromboxane level during PAF infusion and abolished the constrictor effect of PAF on the coronary vessels. These data suggest that PAF might play a detrimental role on the coronary circulation and cardiac function, primarily through thromboxane A2 mediated mechanism. 相似文献
35.
Thomas M. Becker Jack D. Poland Thomas J. Quan Mark E. White Jonathan M. Mann Allan M. Barnes 《The Western journal of medicine》1987,147(5):554-557
Meningitis caused by Yersinia pestis developed in 6 (6%) of a total of 105 patients with plague reported to the Centers for Disease Control from 1970 to 1979. Five of the six cases occurred in children aged 10 to 15 years. All six patients received antibiotic therapy before meningitis developed, which appeared between the 9th and 14th days after the onset of acute illness in five of the six patients. There were no neurologic sequelae. The antigenic and biochemical profiles of the Y pestis strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in the meningitis cases did not differ from those of the Y pestis strains obtained from blood and bubo aspirates in the other 99 patients, and neither did in vitro studies suggest antibiotic resistance. While plague meningitis is an uncommon complication of acute plague infection, physicians in the western United States should be aware that it may develop as much as 14 days after antibiotic therapy for the acute plague infection has been initiated. 相似文献
36.
Cells from a mouse B lymphoma were transfected by DQ alpha and DQ beta genes derived from a DR4 haplotype. Quantitatively, the resulting expression of human class II molecules was similar to that of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Qualitatively, the transformant class II molecules differed from normal class II molecules in their carbohydrate moiety. As for their antigenic specificity, they were shown to carry two determinants previously identified on DQ molecules controlled by DR4 haplotypes, i. e., DQw3 and DCHON. The transformant molecules did not carry a third DR4-associated specificity, DC5 (equivalent to TA10), and must possess a structure allelic to DC5. However, no corresponding alloantigenic specificity was detected by a screening of relevant alloantisera. 相似文献
37.
The identities of two types of sensory organs in the body wall of Drosophila, namely the external sensory organs and the chordotonal organs, are under genetic control. Embryonic lethal mutations in the cut gene complex transform the external sensory organs into chordotonal organs. The neurons, as well as the support cells forming the external sensory structures, change their morphological and antigenic characteristics to those of chordotonal organs, providing genetic evidence that these two types of sensory organs are homologous. Similar transformations of external sensory organs are observed in adult mosaic flies. Analysis of mosaic larvae and flies suggests that the cut gene function is required either in or near external sensory organs in order for them to acquire their correct identity. 相似文献
38.
Robert A. Goldstein Steven A. Gherini Charles T. Driscoll Richard April Carl L. Schofield Carl W. Chen 《Biogeochemistry》1987,3(1-3):5-20
An integrated analysis of a terrestrial-aquatic ecosystem, the North Branch of the Moose River in the Adirondack region of New York, was conducted. This basin contains a large number of interconnected surface waters that exhibit marked gradients in pH and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). As a result, the basin has been the focus of research activity, including the Regional Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (RILWAS). The objective of the current analysis was to use the North Branch of the Moose River as a case study to:
- Evaluate processes regulating the acid-base chemistry of surface waters.
- To assess the effects of surface water acidification on fish populations.
39.
Big Moose Basin: simulation of response to acidic deposition 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
George F. Davis John J. Whipple Steven A. Gherini Carl W. Chen Robert A. Goldstein Arland H. Johannes Peter W.H Chan Ronald K. Munson 《Biogeochemistry》1987,3(1-3):141-161
The ILWAS model has been enhanced for application to multiple-lake hydrologic basins. This version of the model has been applied to the Big Moose basin, which includes Big Moose Lake and its tributary streams, lakes, and watersheds. The basin, as defined, includes an area of 96 km2, with over 20 lakes and ponds, and 70 km of streams. Hydrologic and chemical calibrations have been made using data from seven sampling stations. When total atmospheric sulfur loading to the basin is halved, the model predicts, after four years of simulation, a decreasing sulfate concentration and to a lesser extent a rising alkalinity at Big Moose Lake outlet. At the end of four years, the results show an increase in pH of 0.1 to 0.5 pH units depending upon season. 相似文献
40.
Natascha A. Wolff Rolf Kinne Bernd Elger Leon Goldstein 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1987,157(5):573-581
Summary Renal brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) from the aglomerular toadfish (Opsanus tau), isolated by differential precipitation, were tested for their ability to actively translocate (i) taurine, known to be secreted by the kidney of several marine teleosts, and (ii)l-alanine,l-glutamic acid, andd-glucose, solutes that are normally reabsorbed in the filtering nephron. Vesicular taurine uptake displayed a Na+ dependence. Transport was greatest under conditions of an inward-directed Na+ gradient, but a significant stimulation by Na+ over K+ could also be observed in the absence of a salt gradient. At high extravesicular K+, the addition of valinomycin reduced taurine uptake. Na+-dependent3H-taurine flux was almost completely inhibited by non-labeled taurine (tracer replacement) or -alanine, but was unaffected byl-alanine. Replacement of medium chloride by SCN– or NO
3
–
in the presence of Na+ resulted in significantly lower uptake rates under both anion gradient and anion equilibrium conditions, whereas Br– could almost fully substitute for the stimulatory Cl– action. These results indicate the presence of an electrogenic Na+-cotransport mechanism with specificity for -amino acids in the toadfish renal brush border. Whether the system under physiological conditions mediates reabsorption or secretion of taurine remains to be determined. Toadfish bbmv also translocatedl-alanine andl-glutamic acid in a Na+-dependent manner. Possible roles for these most likely reabsorptive transport systems in a non-filtering kidney are discussed.d-glucose uptake, however, appeared to occur via Na+-independent pathways, since it was not affected by phlorizin in the presence of Na+, or by Na+ replacement.Abbreviation
bbmv
brush border membrane vesicles 相似文献