Retarded Charge–Carrier Recombination in Photoelectrochemical Cells from Plasmon‐Induced Resonance Energy Transfer

N‐type metal oxides such as hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) and bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) are promising candidate materials for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting; however, their short minority carrier diffusion length and restricted carrier lifetime result in undesired rapid charge recombination. Herein, a 2D arranged globular Au nanosphere (NS) monolayer array with a highly ordered hexagonal hole pattern (hereafter, Au array) is introduced onto the surface of photoanodes comprised of metal oxide films via a facile drying and transfer‐printing process. Through plasmon‐induced resonance energy transfer, the Au array provides a strong electromagnetic field in the near‐surface area of the metal oxide film. The near‐field coupling interaction and amplification of the electromagnetic field suppress the charge recombination with long‐lived photogenerated holes and simultaneously enhance the light harvesting and charge transfer efficiencies. Consequently, an over 3.3‐fold higher photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is achieved for the Au array/α‐Fe₂O₃. Furthermore, the high versatility of this transfer printing of Au arrays is demonstrated by introducing it on the molybdenum‐doped BiVO₄ film, resulting in 1.5‐fold higher photocurrent density at 1.23 V versus RHE. The tailored metal film design can provide a potential strategy for the versatile application in various light‐mediated energy conversion and optoelectronic devices.     

The structure and antimicrobial potential of wasp and hornet (Vespidae) mastoparans: A review

Wasp venom is a complex mixture of biologically active components, including high molecular weight proteins, small peptides, bioactive amines, and amino acids. Peptides comprise up to 70% of dried venom. In social wasp venoms, three of the major peptide types are mastoparans, which cause mast cell degranulation, chemotactic peptides, which promote chemotaxis of polymorphonucleated leukocytes, and kinin‐related peptides, which are known to produce pain and increase vascular permeability. Among these, the bioactive tridecapeptide mastoparan is the most common and may even have antimicrobial activity. Herein we summarize the results of studies on vespid mastoparans, focusing on hornets (Vespa spp.) identified following a systematic literature search for mastoparans of hornets in the genus Vespa, the most active mastoparan research taxon. The common features of hornet mastoparans are C‐terminal amidation, amphipathic helical structure, and multiple functions such as mast cell degranulation and hemolysis, as well as membrane permeabilization. Most interestingly, all tested hornet mastoparans have strong antimicrobial activities, suggesting that they can provide useful insights into and opportunities for development of novel antibacterial peptides.     

Mechanism of silicate elution by hydrogen sulfide from bottom sediment in a brackish lake

Limnology - Highly concentrated dissolved silicate was detected in pore water from anoxic-reducing sediment in Lake Nakaumi, a brackish lake. Silicate concentration also simultaneously increased...     

Research progress on gut health of farmers teleost fish: a viewpoint concerning the intestinal mucosal barrier and the impact of its damage

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries - The intestinal mucosal barrier plays a critical role in the maintenance of host health. In farmed teleost fish, the intestinal epithelium is challenged by a...     

Potential role of insulin on the pathogenesis of depression

The regulation of insulin on depression and depression‐like behaviour has been widely reported. Insulin and activation of its receptor can promote learning and memory, affect the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPA) balance, regulate the secretion of neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters, interact with gastrointestinal microbiome, exert neuroprotective effects and have an impact on depression. However, the role of insulin on depression remains largely unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the potential role of insulin on depression. It may provide new insight for clarifying role of insulin on the pathogenesis of depression.     

大鼠脑缺血/再灌注过程中血流量和脑组织含水量的变化趋势*

目的:研究大鼠脑缺血/再灌注过程中血流量及与脑组织水含量变化的趋势。方法:选取5只成年SD雄性大鼠(n=5),参照改良Zea-Longa线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血/再灌注模型,2 h后拔出线栓。利用PeriCam PSI血流灌注成像系统实时监测大鼠在缺血前及缺血5 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、再灌注5 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、4 h、6 h及24 h的血流灌注量,记录在ROI(感兴趣区)测量的数值。再选取15只成年SD雄性大鼠,分为Control组、缺血2 h、再灌注30 min、4 h及24 h组(n=3)。正常组不做任何处理,实验组按上述线栓法制备MCAO模型。取新鲜脑组织用干湿重法测定其左、右半球的水含量。结果:栓塞时缺血侧血流量逐渐下降,缺血2 h下降最低(P＜0.05);再灌注早期血流量恢复较大(P＜0.05),30 min时显著下降(P＜0.05),4 h明显上升(P＜0.05),24 h再次上升(P＜0.05)但低于缺血前血流量(P＞0.05)。脑组织水含量测量,缺血2 h组和再灌注30 min组与正常组无明显差异(P＞0.05);再灌4 h组和再灌24 h组明显增高(P＜0.05),且再灌24 h组明显高于再灌4 h组(P＜0.05)。结论:大鼠脑缺血/再灌注过程中血流量和脑组织中水含量的变化存在一定的规律,且脑组织中水含量与再灌注过程中血流量的变化有一定关系。     

我国自然保护地历史遗留问题的系统解决方案

近年来, 我国自然保护地内存在的大量的人口密集区域、民生设施、矿业活动、开发建设项目、农牧业生产活动等历史遗留问题在中央环保督察中集中暴露出来。为采取针对性政策措施解决这些遗留问题, 本研究首先将其分为三大类: (1)保护越位与保护空缺并存; (2)生态保护和大量原住居民生计改善间的矛盾突出; (3)保护地内存在大量生产经营活动。在此基础上, 深入剖析了各类遗留问题产生的体制机制原因。为合理化解历史遗留问题导致的一系列矛盾, 提高保护地建设和管理质量, 本文从加强保护地体系的顶层设计、推动相关法律法规的制修订、采取多元化手段解决保护地内土地权属和矿业权问题、建立健全平衡保护与发展关系的体制机制等4个方面提出了历史遗留问题的系统性解决方案。